男护士尴尬情境体验及应对的质性研究

Qualitative Study on Male Nurses'Experience of Embarrassing Situations and Coping Styles

目的深入了解男护士因其职业身份遭遇尴尬情境的体验和应对方式,为男护士更好地应对尴尬情境、适应职业角色提供参考。方法采用目的抽样和滚雪球抽样法,于2020年6月至2021年3月在上海市、山东省两地的3所三级甲等综合医院选取4名男护生、18名男护士作为研究对象。采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法对其进行半结构访谈,访谈资料采用内容分析法进行分析。结果通过对访谈资料中有意义陈述的编码、提炼范畴、归纳主题等,明晰了男护士尴尬情境体验及应对的3个主题:男护士遭遇的尴尬情境种类丰富(“男女有别”、工作环境中的尴尬、被误认为其他工作人员),男护士遭遇尴尬情境后的体验复杂(尴尬的表现、尴尬感受程度不一、伴随其他负性体验),尴尬情境的应对呈现多样性(消极应对行为、积极应对行为、认知调节)。结论护理管理者应重视男护士尴尬情境体验,引导男护士正确看待尴尬情境,加强其在尴尬情境下沟通技能训练,引导其采取积极应对方式应对尴尬,营造良好的组织氛围,加强多方支持,使男护士更好地适应护士职业角色。

Objective To understand male nurses’experience of embarrassing situations arising from their occupational identity and their coping styles,providing a reference for male nurses to better cope with embarrassing situations and adapt to their occupational roles.Methods From June 2020 to March 2021,4male nursing students and 18 male nurses were selected from 3 Grade Ⅲ-A general hospitals in Shanghai and Shandong Province by purposive sampling and snowball sampling.Semi-structured interviews were conducted for them by using the phenomenological approach of qualitative research,and the obtained interview data were analyzed by using the content analysis method.Results By coding,refining and summarizing meaningful statements from the interview data,a total of 3 themes were clarified around male nurses’experience of embarrassing situations and coping styles:There were a variety of embarrassing situations encountered by male nurses ("gender difference";embarrassment in the work environment;wrongly identified as other staff);male nurses had complex experiences after encountering embarrassing situations (manifestations of embarrassment;varying degrees of embarrassing feelings;accompanied by other negative experiences);male nurses had various ways to cope with embarrassing situations (negative coping style;positive coping style;cognitive regulation).Conclusion Nursing administrators should pay attention to male nurses’experience of embarrassing situations,guide them to treat the embarrassing situations correctly,strengthen the training on their communication skills to cope with embarrassing situations,actively guide their coping styles for embarrassment,create a good working atmosphere,and provide strong and all-round support,to male nurses better adapt to their occupational roles.