农业生产托管“新模式”与农户经营行为研究——基于农户生产决策的模型分析

A New Model of Agricultural Production Trust and Farmers’Business Behavior:An Analysis Based on Farmers’Production Decisions

实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的核心在于保证小农户与新型农业经营主体间的协同发展,确保土地、资本、劳动力和技术要素在小农户与新型农业经营主体之间合理配置。农业生产托管为解决土地流转中的土地要素配置问题提供了新思路。文章通过构建农户经营方式选择模型,分析农户在土地流转、生产托管和自主经营之间的生产决策机制,得到以下结论:第一,对于农户而言,理想情形下的土地经营权流转价格不应低于其自主耕种时所获得的土地边际产出,当土地流转费用恰好等于规模化农业生产中土地所贡献的产出与托管费用之差时,农户在流转和托管之间的选择是无差异的;第二,“农业边缘化”在现实中表现为农业土地的撂荒,究其根本,是由农业劳动力缺乏引起的;第三,农业生产托管模式的出现,能够为农户福利改进提供更多的机会。基于以上研究结论,文章提出了保障小农户的土地权利、发挥合作社的社会服务功能和稳健推进土地与技术要素收益合理分配等政策启示。

In order to realize the interface between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture,it is necessary to ensure that the elements of land,capital,labour and technology are properly allocated between smallholder farmers and new agricultural operators.Agricultural production trust provides a new method for dealing with problems of rural land allocation that cannot be solved by land transfer.This paper analyzes the production decision-making mechanism of farmers between land transfer,production trusteeship and independent management by constructing a model of farmers’management mode selection.The conclusions are as follows:Firstly,for farmers,the ideal situation is that the price of land management rights transfer should not be lower than the marginal output when they cultivate themselves.When the cost of land transfer is exactly equal to the output contributed by the land for large-scale agricultural production minus the cost of trusteeship,there is no difference in the choice of farmers between transfer and trusteeship.Secondly,“agricultural marginalization”in reality is the abandonment of agricultural land,which is fundamentally caused by the lack of agricultural labor force.Thirdly,the emergence of agriculture production trust provides more opportunities for the improvement of farmers’welfare.Based on the above findings,the study proposes policy implications such as stabilizing of smallholder farmers’land rights,focusing on the social service function of cooperatives and promoting the rational distribution of returns from land and technology elements.