论法国与德国犯罪未遂立法的共通性——兼论中国刑法与德国犯罪未遂立法的关联性

On the Commonality of French and German Attempt Legislation:Also on the Relevance Between Chinese Criminal Law and German Attempt Legislation

法国《拿破仑刑法典》关于犯罪未遂立法与德国1871年《帝国刑法典》、1975年《刑法典》关于犯罪未遂立法相比较,尽管在法条文字上存在着有无“障碍”等类似词汇的差异,但均秉持着相同的未遂定义。基于此未遂定义所划分出的具体未遂类型,在命名上或许应当有所区别,而在内容上却相差无几。当我们认清了不存在所谓法国与德国两派未遂立法例的事实,那么建立我国“97刑法”未遂条文与德国未遂立法的关联也就不存在理论障碍。这种关联性一方面可以改正长期存在的对未遂、中止未遂等概念含义的错误认识,另一方面也为用相关德国未遂理论来解释中国刑法铺平了道路。

Compared with Germany’s Imperial Criminal Code(1871)and Criminal Code(1975),the French Napoleonic Criminal Code has the same definition of attempted crime,although there are differences in terms of“obstacle”and other similar words.The specific types of attempts based on this definition should probably differ in naming,but not in content.When we recognize the fact that there are no so-called two types of attempt legislation in France and Germany,then there is no theoretical obstacle to establishing a connection between Chinese and German attempt legislation.On the one hand,this kind of correlation can correct the long-existing misunderstanding of the concept of attempt and resignation,and on the other hand,it paves the way for the interpretation of Chinese criminal law with the relevant German attempt theory.