5种杀虫剂对黑粪蚊的毒力及对平菇菌丝生长的影响

The toxicity of five insecticides to Scatopse sp.and their effects on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus

【目的】黑粪蚊为食用菌生产中的危险害虫之一,通过杀虫剂的毒力测定和对平菇菌丝生长抑制试验,拟筛选获得理想的黑粪蚊防治杀虫剂。【方法】采用毒饵法测定了5种杀虫剂对黑粪蚊幼虫的室内毒力,并研究各杀虫剂对平菇菌菌丝生长的抑制情况。【结果】20%甲氰菊酯乳油、14%阿维·虫螨腈悬浮剂和20%甲维·吡丙醚悬浮剂对黑粪蚊的校正死亡率达80%以上,对黑粪蚊幼虫均有较好的杀灭效果,而苏云金杆菌(以色列亚种)悬浮剂对黑粪蚊幼虫的杀虫效果不理想。5种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝生长均有一定抑制作用,且农药品种间存在极显著差异,20%甲氰菊酯乳油抑制率最高,高浓度480 mg·L^(-1)处理的抑制率可达16.85%,14%阿维·虫螨腈悬浮剂的抑制率最低,高浓度140 mg·L^(-1)处理的抑制率仅为5.83%。【结论】本研究中14%阿维·虫螨腈悬浮剂用于平菇菌中黑粪蚊防治效果最好,研究结果将为食用菌黑粪蚊的药剂防治提供理论指导。

【Aim】Scatopse sp.is one of the dangerous pests hampering the production of edible fungi.In this study,the toxicity of insecticides and the inhibition of mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus were tested to identify ideal insecticides for controlling Scatopse sp.【Method】The virulence of five insecticides to Scatopse sp.larvae was tested using baits,and the inhibition of P.ostreatus mycelial growth by the insecticides was studied.【Result】The adjusted mortality rates of fenpropathrin 20%emulsifiable concentrates,ivermectin chlorfenacaronitrile 14%suspending concentrates,and emavil and pyriproxyfen 20%suspending concentrates were more than 80%.They have good toxic effects on Scatopse sp.larvae.However,the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis suspension against Scatopse sp.larvae was not satisfactory.The five insecticides inhibited the mycelial growth of P.ostreatus,and significant differences among the varieties were found.The inhibition rate of 20%cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrates was the highest(16.85%)at a concentration of 480 mg·L^(-1),whereas that of 14%ivermectin chlorfenacaronitrile suspending concentrates was the lowest(5.83%)at 140 mg·L^(-1).【Conclusion】In conclusion,14%ivermectin chlorfenacaronitrile suspending concentrates has the best effect for controlling Scatopse sp in P.ostreatus among the tested.The results of this study provide important theoretical guidance for controlling Scatopse sp.