隧道入口冰雪环境下驾驶员心生理特性研究

Study on psychophysiological characteristics of drivers at tunnel entrance under ice and snow conditions

为提高高速公路冰雪环境下隧道入口行车安全水平,探究隧道入口冰雪环境下驾驶员心生理反应特性,依据心生理理论,通过模拟驾驶试验采集驾驶员在冬季晴、雪天气下隧道入口行驶的心率增长率、速度等数据,分析照度变化率、路面摩擦系数、速度对驾驶员心生理的影响规律,明确不同影响因素下隧道入口驾驶员心率增长率变化特征,利用Matlab构建多因素耦合下隧道入口驾驶员心生理反应模型,并设计实车试验验证心生理反应模型有效性。研究结果表明:冰雪环境下隧道入口驾驶员心率增长率紧张阈值为28%,隧道入口冰雪环境下照度变化率安全阈值为51%,心生理反应模型误差小于10%,吻合程度较好。研究结果对提高山区高速公路隧道入口冰雪环境的行车安全性、降低隧道入口事故风险具有重要意义。

In order to improve the safety level of driving at the tunnel entrance under the ice and snow environment of highway,and investigate the psychophysiological response characteristics of drivers driving at the tunnel entrance under the ice and snow environment,according to the psychophysiological theory,the drivers’heart rate growth rate,speed and other data at the tunnel entrance in winter sunny and snowy weather were collected through the simulated driving tests.The influence of illumination change rate,road friction coefficient and speed on the driver’s psychophysiology was analyzed,and the change characteristics of drivers’heart rate growth rate at the tunnel entrance under different influence factors were clarified.Matlab was used to construct the psychophysiological response model of drivers at the tunnel entrance under multi-factor coupling,and the validity of the psychophysiological response model was verified by designing the real vehicle test.The results showed that the tension threshold of the heart rate growth rate of drivers at the tunnel entrance under the ice and snow environment was 28%,the safety threshold of illumination change rate at the tunnel entrance under the ice and snow environment was 51%,the error of the psychophysiological response model was less than 10%,and the degree of fit was good.The research results are of great significance to improve the traffic safety at the tunnel entrance of mountain highway under the ice and snow environment and reduce the accident risk of tunnel entrance.