税收、企业规模与高质量发展——来自矿业企业的微观证据

Tax,Enterprise Size and High-quality Development—Micro Evidence from Mining Enterprises

在减税降费的背景下,税收问题成为矿业企业高质量发展的关键。基于2014—2019年国泰安数据库和中国工业企业数据库中的882个样本数据,构建基于DEA的Malmquist指数,利用所得值衡量矿业企业高质量发展水平,采用面板回归分析、产权和区域异质性分析检验了企业税收对矿业企业高质量发展的影响,并进一步考虑了企业规模对二者的调节效应。结果表明:首先,税收对矿业企业的高质量发展影响显著,呈明显负相关,即抑制作用;其次,相较于大规模企业而言,规模较小的矿业企业的税收对其高质量发展的抑制作用更强;最后,在进一步分析产权和区域异质性时发现,非国有企业、东部地区的矿业企业,税收对高质量发展的抑制作用更为显著。

Under the new normal of China’s economy,tax,as the key to the high-quality development of enterprises,has attracted extensive attention.As the basic industry of the national economy,mining industry is in a special institutional environment different from manufacturing industry,which plays a vital role in the highquality development of China’s economy.Taking mining enterprises from 2014 to 2019 as the research sample,this paper studies the relationship between tax and high-quality development of enterprises.Among them,based on the input-output perspective,this paper selected the total output value of mining enterprises as the output index,the total assets as the capital input index,and the number of employees at the end of the year as the labor input index to construct the DEA-Malmquist index,and used the obtained value to measure the high-quality development level of enterprises.The results show that there are some differences in total factor productivity of Chinese mining enterprises from 2014 to 2019,and the average total factor productivity level is low,that is,the high-quality development level of mining enterprises is generally low.When discussing the impact of enterprise tax on the development level of China’s mining enterprises,the high-quality development level was selected as the explanatory variable,the ratio of the total tax paid by enterprises to the main business income was used to measure the tax of enterprises as the explanatory variable,and the rate of return on total assets,density of tangible assets,asset liability ratio,enterprise age,nature of enterprise property rights were selected as the control variables.Using panel regression analysis,property right and regional heterogeneity analysis,this paper tested the impact of enterprise tax on the high-quality development of mining enterprises,and further considered the regulatory effect of enterprise size on them.The results show that:(1)There is a significant negative relationship between tax and the high-quality development of mining enterprises.(2)Compared with large-scale enterprises,small-scale mining enterprises have a stronger inhibitory effect on high-quality development.(3)In the further analysis of property rights and regional heterogeneity,it is found that non-state-owned enterprises and mining enterprises in the eastern region have a more significant inhibitory effect on high-quality development.According to the empirical results,this paper believes that the state should strengthen tax reduction and fee reduction to further improve the high-quality development level of mining enterprises.