“长江十年禁捕”背景下渔民家庭资产对其收入的影响及贡献

The impact and contribution of fishermen’s family assets to their income under the background of “Ten years fishing ban in the Yangtze River”

解决好退捕渔民家庭收入问题是“长江十年禁捕”重大战略中的一项重要工作。渔民家庭资产是其退捕上岸后维持生计的基础和转产增收的保障,研究家庭资产对渔民收入的影响对落实和完善退捕政策、建立渔民退捕长效机制具有重要意义。文章基于2021年长江流域退捕渔民跟踪调查数据,采用Tobit模型、分位数回归模型和Shapley值分解研究各类家庭资产对退捕渔民家庭收入的影响及贡献度。研究结果表明:人力资产对渔民收入贡献度最大,社会资产其次,二者显著提高渔民收入水平;金融资产和物质资产总体上对渔民家庭收入的影响不显著且贡献度较小;土地等自然资产对渔民的收入贡献基本为零,无法有效发挥增收作用。今后应拓宽退捕渔民信息获取渠道,提升退捕渔民人力资产质量,实现退捕渔民家庭增收。

Solving the problem of family income of retreated fishermen is an important task in the major strategy of “Ten years fishing ban in the Yangtze River”. Fishermen’s household assets are the basis of their livelihood and guarantee for increasing income after they retiring from fishing and switching to shore. Studying the mechanism of the influence of family assets on fishermen’s income is of great significance to the implementation of fishing withdrawal policies and the establishment of a long-term mechanism. Based on the data from the follow-up survey of fishermen withdrawing fishing in the Yangtze River basin in 2021, Tobit Model, Quantile Regression Model and Shapley Value Decomposition Method were used to study the impact and contribution of various types of household assets on the household income of fishermen. The results show that human assets contribute the most to fishermen’s income, followed by social assets, both of which significantly improve the fishermen’s income level;financial assets and material assets generally have no significant impact on fishermen’s family income and their contribution is small;the contribution of natural assets such as land to fishermen’s income is close to zero, which cannot effectively play the role of increasing income. In the future, we should broaden the channels for retreated fishermen to obtain information, improve the quality of retreated fishermen’s human assets and increase the income of fishermen’s families.