日本渔船渔业供给侧结构性改革效果分析及其对我国的启示

The latest management policy of Japanese fishing vessels and its enlightenment to China

2010年以来,日本渔船渔业迎来新一轮供给侧结构性改革,渔船管理改革进一步升级,有关制度实施以来取得的成效、存在的问题以及保障措施等方面的研究尚未在国内进行充分论证。本文通过分析日本捕捞渔船业的管理方法,挖掘日本渔业供给侧结构性改革的实现路径和配套措施的底层逻辑,有针对性地提出对我国捕捞渔船组织化管理的启示。研究发现,日本捕捞渔船管理中政府起着主导性财政支持作用,3·11日本地震之前,取得了稳定捕捞功能等积极效果;震灾之后,国营色彩浓重的日本渔船保险“盈利”表象下的“不公性”凸显。在此基础上分别对我国捕捞渔船管理的应急响应预备机制建设、依港管船新制度以及拓宽创收渠道助力乡村振兴等方面提出了建议。

Since 2010, Japanese fishing vessels have ushered in a new management system. With the further upgrading of Japan’s latest fishing vessel management reform, the results, existing problems and safeguards since the implementation of the system are unresolved scientific issues. Focusing on the management methods of Japan’s fishing and fishing vessel industry, this paper excavates the underlying logic of the realization path and supporting measures of Japan’s fishery supply-side structural reform, and puts forward targeted enlightenment for the organized management of fishing vessels in China. The study found that the government plays a leading financial support role in the management of Japanese fishing boats. Before the March 11 earthquake in Japan, it achieved positive results such as stabilizing fishing functions. On the other hand, after the earthquake, the "injustice" under the "profit" appearance of state-owned fishing boat insurance was highlighted. Suggestions for China: 1. Plan the emergency response preparation mechanism for fishing vessel management.Advance the preparation of the fishing vessel management reserve in an orderly manner. In terms of the fishing vessel insurance system, it is recommended to appropriately increase the types and coastal areas, and prevent interregional imbalances. 2. Establish a new system of port based ship management.Comprehensively promote the comprehensive reform of fishing vessels and fishing ports, and further implement the basic system of China’s fishing vessel management with output control as the gate;3.Broaden income-generating channels to stabilize the management of fishing vessels. Transform a single model that relies on marine fishing to maintain upgrading, and gradually form a harmonious development concept of implementing the national ecological priority policy and enhancing the consciousness of fishing democrats.