2014-2021年济宁市水痘流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Jining City From 2014 to 2021

目的:对济宁市2014-2021年发生的水痘流行病学特征进行分析,为济宁市水痘防控工作提供参考依据。方法:收集济宁市2014-2021年所有医疗机构报告的水痘病例信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析水痘病例在时间、地区和人群中的分布特征。结果:济宁市在2014-2021年共报告水痘病例16 017例,年均发病率为23.99/(10万),无死亡病例。发病时间呈明显的季节性分布,以冬季和夏季高发,冬季发病率高于夏季。水痘病例分布有明显的地区差异,其中以曲阜市年均发病率最高[70.12/(10万)]。济宁市水痘发病人群在2014-2021年以小年龄组为,19岁以下报告的发病数占病例总数的83.92%(13 442/16 017)。发病率最高年龄段为5~9岁,年均发病率134.42/(10万),发病总病例数4 882例,占总病例的30.48%(4 882/16 017),各年龄组年均发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业分布以学生为主,占比54.42%(8 716/16 017)。男女性别比为1.33∶1,男性年均发病率为26.61/(10万),女性年均发病率为21.21/(10万),不同性别人群发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有18起突发公共卫生事件是由水痘引起的,主要发生在小学。结论:水痘在济宁市各县市区广泛流行,高发并具有周期性,水痘的高发人群集中在低年龄阶段,所以应加强中小学校及托幼机构等单位的监测,及时采用对水痘疫苗进行查缺补漏接种、隔离病例等防控措施,同时建议将水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划。

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Jining from 2014 to 2021,in order to provide scientific evidence for controlling and preventing measures of varicella.Method:The information of varicella cases reported by all medical institutions in Jining City from 2014 to 2021 was collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of varicella cases in time,region and population.Result:A total of 16 017 cases of varicella were reported in Jining City from 2014 to 2021,with an average annual incidence of 23.99/100 000 and no death cases.The onset time showed obvious seasonal distribution,with high incidence in winter and summer,and the incidence in winter was higher than that in summer.There were significant regional differences in the distribution of varicella cases,among which Qufu City had the highest annual incidence (70.12/100 000).The incidence of varicella in Jining City from 2014 to 2021 was mainly in the young age group,with 83.92% (13 442/16 017) cases reported under the age of 19 years.The age group with the highest incidence was 5-9 years old,with an average annual incidence of 134.42/100 000,and the total number of cases was 4 882,accounting for 30.48% (4 882/16 017) of the total cases.There was significant difference in the average annual incidence among different age groups (P<0.05).The occupation distribution was mainly students,accounting for 54.42% (8 716/16 017).The male to female sex ratio was 1.33∶1,the average annual incidence of males was 26.61/100 000,and the average annual incidence of females was 21.21/100 000.There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of different genders (P<0.05).There were 18 public health emergencies caused by varicella,mainly in primary schools.Conclusion:Varicella is widely popular in the counties of Jining City,with high incidence and periodicity,the high incidence of varicella is concentrated in the low age stage,so we should strengthen the monitoring of primary and middle schools and childcare facilities and other units,timely take preventive and control measures such as checking and remedying the defects of varicella vaccine,and isolating cases,and suggest that varicella vaccine be included in the immunization plan.