政府R&D补贴对我国装备制造业创新效率的影响研究——基于3个不同阶段的分析

Research on the Influence of Government R&D Subsidy on Innova⁃tion Efficiency of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry—Based on the Analysis of Three Different Stages

采用DEA-BCC模型对2009—2020年我国装备制造业科技产出、物化产出以及价值产出3个阶段创新效率进行了测算与分析,并利用面板Tobit模型实证检验了政府R&D补贴对装备制造业3个阶段创新效率的影响。研究结果表明:①考察期内,我国装备制造业科技产出、物化产出、价值产出3个阶段的创新效率总体保持着上升的趋势。其中,科技产出阶段的创新效率较高,物化产出和价值产出阶段的创新效率较低。②政府R&D补贴对我国装备制造业物化产出阶段的创新效率具有显著的正向影响,对科技产出和价值产出阶段的创新效率具有显著的负向影响。③企业规模、人力资本、产学研合作水平等控制变量对我国装备制造业各个阶段创新效率也有着不同程度的影响。基于此,提出整合创新资源、优化政府支持方式、扩大企业规模等建议。

At present,China's economic development has entered a new normal,and the impetus for economic growth is insufficient.Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy is the only way to solve the current problem.As a pillar industry in China,the equipment manufacturing industry attaches too much importance to the number of patents and scientific papers in the process of innovation and despises the materialization and value of innovation achievements.Innovation input has not been completely transformed into economic value,and innovation efficiency is low.Therefore,it is important problem to find the root cause of the low efficiency of equipment manufacturing innovation and improve the efficiency of equipment manufacturing innovation.Government usually provides R&D subsidies to support enterprises to carry out innovation activities to improve innovation efficiency.However,scholars have different views on whether the R&D subsidy provided by the government has produced significant effects,and many mathematicians regard equipment manufacturing innovation as an input-output activity,which is not conducive to fundamentally solve the problem of innovation inefficiency.This paper uses the DEA-BCC model to measure and analyze the innovation efficiency of China's equipment manufacturing industry in the three stages of technological output,materialization output,and the value output from 2009 to 2020 and uses the panel Tobit model to empirically test the impact of R&D subsidies on the innovation efficiency of the equipment manufacturing industry in the three stages.Research results:①During the inspection period,the innovation efficiency of China's equipment manufacturing industry in the three stages of scientific and technological output,materialization output,and value output has generally maintained an upward trend.Among them,the innovation efficiency in the stage of scientific and technological output is higher,while that in the stage of materialization output and value output is lower.②The R&D subsidy has a significant positive impact on the innovation efficiency in the materialization output stage of China's equipment manufacturing industry,and a significant negative impact on the innovation efficiency in the scientific and technological output and value output stage.③Enterprise scale,human capital,production,education and research,and other control variables also have varying degrees of impact on the innovation efficiency of China's equipment manufacturing industry at various stages.Based on this,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:First,we should integrate and allocate innovation resources,not only attaching importance to innovation research and development,but also attaching importance to the materialization and value of innovation achievements.Secondly,we should create diversified government support methods and adjust the R&D subsidies.Finally,we should appropriately expand the scale of enterprises to form scale advantages.