信托受益人撤销权中的利益平衡

The Interest Balance of Trust Beneficiary in the Right of Revocation

信托受益人在其权利行使的过程中最大的利益冲突与平衡主要体现在与受托人相对人之间。由于信托受托人享有较大的自主管理权,如果其违反信托本旨滥用权利将直接损害受益人权利,因此,无论是英美法系或大陆法系均为受益人权利保护设立了相关救济制度,以此约束与对抗受托人不当管理行为。英美法系国家将这种制度称为“衡平法追踪权”与“推定信托”,大陆法系国家则为信托受益人的撤销权。这种救济制度的运作,无疑会涉及信托受托人之善意相对方,信托受益人与该善意买受人之间的利益冲突与平衡本质上是信托关系中内部信托财产独立性与外部交易安全之间的冲突与平衡,这是一个关乎于信托本质的重要问题。

The biggest interest conflict and balance of trust beneficiary in exercising his right occurs in his relationship with the trustee counterpart.As the trustee enjoys a fairly big autonomous management power,he will hurt the right of beneficiary when violating the nature of trust and abusing his right.Thus,in both British and American Codes and the Continental Code a relevant relief system is offered for the protection of beneficiary’s right so as to restrain and counter against the improper management behavior of the trustee.The countries of the British and American Codes address this system as"equitable tracing right"or"presumptive trust"while the countries of the Continental Code call it the"revocation right of trust beneficiary".The use of this relief system inevitable involves the goodwill counterpart;in fact the interest conflict and balance between the trust beneficiary and the goodwill vendee is in nature one between the independence of internal trust properties and the external transaction security in the trust relationship.This is a matter of the nature of trust.