铵态氮肥配施量对宜宾烟区烤烟产质量的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Ammonium and Nitrogen on Yield-quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Yibin Tobacco Area

【目的】探明铵态氮肥不同配施量对宜宾烟区烤烟产质量的影响,为宜宾烟区氮肥合理运筹提供参考。【方法】在施纯氮水平为105 kg/hm^(2)条件下,以硝态氮肥配施不同量铵态氮肥为试验因子,设置5个铵态氮肥(NH_(4)HCO_(3))配施量处理(处理1,铵态氮肥100 kg/hm^(2),提供纯氮17.1 kg/hm^(2);处理2,铵态氮肥200 kg/hm^(2),提供纯氮34.2 kg/hm^(2);处理3,铵态氮肥300 kg/hm^(2),提供纯氮51.3 kg/hm^(2);处理4,铵态氮肥400 kg/hm^(2),提供纯氮68.4 kg/hm^(2);处理5,铵态氮肥500 kg/hm^(2),提供纯氮85.5 kg/hm^(2)),分析不同铵态氮肥配施量处理间烟株农艺性状、经济性状及烟叶产质量的差异。【结果】硝态氮肥配施铵态氮肥对烤烟株高有一定负向影响,对茎围、叶片数、最大叶长、最大叶宽无较大影响;铵态氮肥配施量300 kg/hm^(2)处理烤烟的经济性状和外观质量最佳;烤后烟叶还原糖含量、烟碱含量、糖碱比及其协调性与铵态氮肥配施量呈正相关,烟碱含量、还原糖含量与铵态氮肥配施量呈负相关;烤后烟叶感官质量及综合质量以配施铵态氮肥300 kg/hm^(2)最佳,其次是配施铵态氮肥500 kg/hm^(2),第三是配施铵态氮肥400 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】在施纯氮水平为105 kg/hm^(2)的件下,宜宾烟区烤烟适宜的铵态氮肥配施量在300 kg/hm^(2)左右,该条件处理的烟叶经济性状、外观质量、化学成分协调性、感官质量及综合质量均较优。

【Objective】The effect of different application rates of ammonium-nitrogen on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Yibin tobacco area is explored,which provide reference for rationally managing the nitrogen fertilizer in Yibin tobacco area.【Method】With the application level of pure nitrogen of 105 kg/hm^(2),the application of nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer combined with different rates of ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer is determined as the experimental factor,and 5 treatment(T_(1),100 kg/hm^(2 )ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer,providing 17.1 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen;T_(2),200 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer,providing 34.2 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen;T_(3),300 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer,providing 51.3 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen;T_(4),400 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer,providing 68.4 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen;T5,500 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer,providing 85.5 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen) of combined application rates of ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer(NH_(4)HCO_(3))are set,so that the agronomic trait,economic traits and difference in leaf yield and quality of tobacco plant treated with different combined application rates of ammonium-nitrogen are analyzed.【Result】The combined application of nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer had the negative effect to tobacco plant height to some degree,while had no significant impact to the stem girth,leaf number,the maximum leaf length and width.The flue-cured tobacco treated with 300 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer had best economic traits and appearance quality;The reducing sugar content,nicotine content,ratio and harmony of sugar/nicotine in the cured leaves were positively related to the combined application rate of ammonium and nitrogen fertilizer,while the nicotine content and reducing sugar content were negatively related the combined application rate of ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer;The sensory quality and comprehensive quality of cured leaves treated with 300 kg/hm^(2) were the best,followed by the cured leaves treated with 500 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer and 400 kg/hm^(2) ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer.【Conclusion】Under the condition of applying 105 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen,the suitable application rates of ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer in Yinbin tobacco area is 300 kg/hm^(2),by which the economic traits,appearance quality,chemical components harmony,sensory quality and comprehensive quality all are better.