摘要
在中国古人看来,得道是认识世界和个人修习、求索所能达到的最高境界。大道不可言传身教,得道的境界对于很多人而言是难以企及的。在各种抵达道境的通途中,有一条小径是由技入道。《庄子》清晰地叙述了由技入道的诸项程序环节,并通过若干实例具体揭示了由技入道者在入道过程中的重要变化。长期反复实践、按照自然规律行事、在实践中有对超越具体技艺的道境的矢志追求,这三点是每位由技入道者都必须履行和经历的。将技艺沉融于本能或内隐记忆之中,与此同时对世界、对人生萌发通透的感悟,从而实现人性的升华,这是成功实现由技入道的标志。由技入道者在证道时的主观特别感受,从心理学角度来看,类似于马斯洛提出的所谓高峰体验。
In ancient China,obtaining Tao was the highest realm in researching the world,personal practice,learning,and seeking.The eternal Tao cannot be described and taught by words,and the realm of Tao is difficult to attain.In the course of various arrivals,a trail from technics to Tao(FTT)exists.Zhuangzi(《庄子》)clearly narrated the ideological basis of FTT and revealed the core content of FTT through several examples.Long-term repeated practice,operating in accordance with the laws of nature,and the determination to pursue the Tao beyond specific skills are three aspects that must be fulfilled or experienced by those pursuers for Tao.An indicator of the success of FTT is skills being subsided and incorporated into instinct or implicit memory,in addition to insights gained regarding the world and life.The subjective emotions of people who have experienced FTT can be classified as the“peak experience”proposed by the renowned psychologist,Abraham Maslow.
作者
厚宇德
Hou Yude(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)
关键词
由技入道
内隐记忆
高峰体验
from technics to Tao(道)
implicit memory
peak-experiences
