儒家德治的社会基础、主体构成及实践困境

Social Basis, Subject Constitution and Practical Dilemma ofConfucian Thought of Ruling by Morality

儒家德治主张“为政以德”“以德治国”,希望通过个人的德行修养实现家庭和谐、国家清廉以至天下和平安宁的理想。然而两千余年来,传统中国社会腐败现象难以根除,儒家德治时常陷入价值虚化的实践困境。问题的根源在于儒家德治的社会基础——“权力支配型”的宗法伦理社会结构与“道义合一”“义利分殊”的价值追求有内在矛盾,从而阻断了儒家德治实践持续有效发挥作用的可能路径。

Confucian thought of ruling by morality advocates“govern and rule by morality”,hoping to achieve a harmonious family relationship and clean and honest national governance through personal virtue cultivation to realize a peaceful world.However,for more than 2000 years,it is difficult to eradicate corruption in traditional Chinese society,incorruptible governing deeply trapped in the dilemma of value emptiness.The root of the problem is the internal contradiction of the Confucian thought of ruling by virtue—power dominance patriarchal ethics—that contradicts the patriarchal principle of“the unity of morality and ethics”,which blocks the possible path to realize the value of Confucian rule by virtue.