欧盟反食物浪费实践经验及启示

The Practical Experience of EU Action against Food Waste and China’s Enlightenment

食物浪费是全世界面临的共同课题,也是《中华人民共和国反食品浪费法》落实过程中重点关注的对象。解决食物浪费问题的关键是要鼓励和推进食物供应链所对应的市场主体共同合作,落实相关法律法规中明确的社会共治原则。依法有效推进食物节约工作需要强有力的立法与制度支撑,这也成为当前亟待解决的主要问题。欧盟及成员国以社会共同协作为原则,以政策、立法与制度建设为支撑,通过制定有关政策与法律建立起了食物处理等级制度和食物捐赠制度,统一了食物浪费测量方法并成立了食物供应链联盟,形成了较为成熟的反食物浪费体系。本文在梳理欧盟经验的基础上提出有效促进反粮食浪费行动的4个建议:以社会共治为原则,构建反食物浪费法律体系;继续促进制度建设,构建高效合理的反食物浪费机制;鼓励设立反食物浪费协作组织,促进多元主体合作创新;畅通公众参与渠道,提高公众反食物浪费参与意识。

Food waste is a common problem across the world,it is also the object of focus in the current implementation of Chinese Anti-Food Waste Law.The key to solving the problem of food waste is to encourage and promote the cooperation of market players corresponding to the food supply chain,implement the principle of social co-governance in relevant laws and regulations.To promote the work of food saving effectively according to law needs strong legislation and system support,which becomes the main problem urgently to be solved.The EU and its member states based on the principle of social collaboration and supported by policy,legislation and institutional building,through the formulation of relevant policies and laws,established the food disposal hierarchy and food donation system,unified the food waste measurement method,and established the food supply chain alliance,forming a relatively mature anti-food waste system.Based on the experience of the EU,this paper puts forward four suggestions to effectively promote China’s anti-food waste action:to build a legal system against food waste based on the concept of social co-governance;continue to promote institutional construction,and build an efficient and reasonable anti-food waste management mechanism;encourage the establishment of anti-food waste cooperative organizations to promote multi-subject cooperation and innovation;open channels for public participation and raise public awareness of anti-food waste participation.