刘勰评《吊魏武帝文》“序巧而文繁”辨析

An Analysis of Liu Xie’s Comment of“Xu Qiao Er Wen Fan”on Condolence for Emperor Wu of Wei

刘勰在《文心雕龙·哀吊》篇中评论陆机《吊魏武帝文》“序巧而文繁”,《吊魏武帝文》既有“序巧”之优点,又有“文繁”之弊端。刘勰的这一评语是准确的,然而刘勰未能认识到“文繁”的意义。所谓“文繁”实际上与陆机的自我伤怀、“辞采华茂”的时代风气,以及陆机的创作个性密切相关。刘勰主张吊文应做到“体同事核”“辞清理哀”,否定“华过韵缓,化而为赋”。《吊魏武帝文》被评以“文繁”,集中体现了刘勰的吊文体观。

In the article of Wen Xin Diao Long·Lament and Condolence,Liu Xie suggested that the Condolence for Emperor Wu of Wei by Lu Ji was“Xu Qiao Er Wen Fan”,that is,the essay has both an advantage of“ingenious order”and the drawback of“prolix writing”.Such a comment is accurate.However,Liu Xie failed to recognize the implications of“Wen Fan”.The so-called“Wen Fan”actually had much to do with Lu Ji’s self-grievance and“extravagant rhetorical”trend of the time,as well as the author’s personal creation.Liu Xie argued that the condolence works should keep the genre consistent with the core event(“Ti Tong Shi He”)and use concise wordings to reflect genuine sorrow(“Ci Qing Li Ai”)as lavish use of rhetorical devices would slow down the rhythm and transform the essays into Fu(“Hua Guo Yun Huan,Hua Er Wei Fu”).Regarding Condolence for Emperor Wu of Wei as a“Wen Fan”epitomizes Liu Xie’s attitude to the genre of condolence works.