辽宁省耕地利用可持续集约化水平及其影响因素

Sustainable Intensive Level of Cultivated Land Use and Influential Factors in Liaoning Province

【目的】耕地利用可持续集约化是缓解粮食安全问题、减轻环境压力的可行模式,为明晰粮食主产区辽宁省耕地利用的可持续集约化现状和潜力,开展水平测度及影响因素的探究。【方法】创新性地采用超效率SBM模型测度2000~2019年辽宁省耕地利用可持续集约度,并运用Tobit模型探究影响因子。【结果】(1)2000~2019年,耕地利用的可持续集约度波动特征明显,整体略有增加,耕地单产和灌溉废水量对可持续集约度的影响较大。(2)规模效率相较于纯技术效率对可持续集约度的影响更显著,规模效益也一直处于递增状态,增加人力、物力等要素投入会在较长时间内对可持续集约度有显著地提升作用。(3)农村劳动力高中及以上文化水平、种植结构以及农业收入占农村常住居民人均可支配收入比例对耕地利用的可持续集约度有显著正向影响,耕地受灾率有显著负向影响。【结论】科学提升耕地单位产量、有效管控灌溉用水量对于辽宁省耕地利用可持续集约化水平的提升有明显作用,增加化肥、农药、地膜等物质投入的有效利用率、建立农业应急防护体系是助推可持续集约化的有效途径。

[Objective]Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use is one of the most feasible models to alleviate the problems of food security and environmental pressure.Food security is a problem faced by all mankind.As one of the main grain producing areas in China,Liaoning has great practical significance to clarify the status and promote potential of sustainable intensification of cultivated land use,and to carry out level estimation and explore influencing factors.[Methods]The super efficiency SBM model was used to measure the sustainable intensification degree of cultivated land use in Liaoning Province from 2000 to 2019,and the Tobit model was used to explore the influencing factors and the relevant optimization suggestions were finally put forward according to the content of the article.[Results](1)The fluctuation characteristics of sustainable intensification degree of cultivated land were obvious from2000 to 2019,and the overall increase was slight.The research periods were divided into three stages,and the sustainable intensification degrees of cultivated land were 0.932(2000-2007),0.696(2008-2011)and 0.944(2012-2019),respectively,with the overall change characteristics of“high-low-high”.From the perspective of input/output,the per unit yield of cultivated land in the expected output and the amount of irrigation wastewater in the unexpected output had a great impact on the sustainable intensification degree of cultivated land use.(2)After decomposing the sustainable intensification degree of cultivated land use,there was a correlation between scale effect score,pure technical efficiency score and the sustainable intensification degree of cultivated land use.However,compared with pure technical efficiency score,scale effect score had a more significant impact on sustainable degree,and the returns to scale has been increasing.Increasing the input of manpower,material and other factors would significantly improve the sustainable intensification degree during a long time.(3)The educational level of rural labor force at or above senior high school,planting structure and the proportion of agricultural income in the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents had a significant positive impact on the sustainable intensification degree of cultivated land use,and the correlation coefficients were 0.077,0.461 and 0.083,respectively.The disaster rate of cultivated land had a significant negative impact,and the correlation coefficient was-1.203.The impact of the other five influencing factors was not significant,but to a certain extent,it could reflect the current situation that the government’s investment in agriculture was increasing and the living standards of rural residents were improving year by year,while the number of rural labor force was decreasing.[Conclusion]The yield of cultivated land must be increased,the amount of irrigation waste must be reduced and the effective regulatory measures must be taken from the perspective of input/output.From the perspective of management measures,the cultivated land protection measures must be implemented,the pest control and green agricultural techniques must be applied,and the policy support and continuous follow-up of corresponding agricultural supporting investment must be given.From the perspective of the implementation subject,the ways for farmers must increase to obtain knowledge,farming mode and crop management technology,to ensure farmers’economic income,to improve the level of sustainable intensification of cultivated land use,and finally realize a virtuous cycle.