钱江源国家公园2000~2019年土壤侵蚀变化动态研究

Dynamic Changes of Soil Erosion in Qianjiangyuan National Park from 2000 to 2019

【目的】揭示钱江源国家公园2000~2019年间的土壤侵蚀变化规律以及不同功能分区、坡度范围的差异。【方法】基于RUSLE模型得到钱江源国家公园2000~2019年土壤侵蚀的动态变化情况,并对不同功能分区及不同坡度范围的多年平均模拟土壤侵蚀速率进行分析。【结果】基于RUSLE模型模拟得出,钱江源国家公园2000~2019年间的模拟土壤侵蚀速率呈线性减小趋势。其中,80%区域处于微度侵蚀,并且微度侵蚀面积呈增加趋势。由于雪灾影响,2008年的模拟土壤侵蚀速率为424.83 t km^(-2)a^(-1),显著高于其它年份。不同功能分区的多年平均模拟土壤侵蚀速率具有显著性差异,其中游憩展示区>传统利用区>核心保护区>生态保育区,核心保护区的土壤侵蚀几乎没有受到雪灾影响。5°~8°与8°~15°两个坡度范围的多年模拟土壤侵蚀速率不存在显著差异,其他坡度范围的多年平均模拟土壤侵蚀速率差异性显著,并且各个坡度的模拟土壤侵蚀速率呈逐年降低趋势。【结论】2000~2019年间,钱江源国家公园总体、各功能分区以及各坡度范围的模拟土壤侵蚀速率呈线性减少趋势,而多年平均模拟土壤侵蚀速率在不同功能分区之间和不同的坡度范围之间有显著差异,该研究可为钱江源国家公园的土壤侵蚀防治以及水土保持措施规划提供参考。

[Objective]The change law of soil erosion will be revealed in Qianjiangyuan National Park from 2000 to2019,as well as the differences in different functional zones and slope ranges.[Method]Dynamic changes of soil erosion in Qianjiangyuan National Park from 2000 to 2019 were obtained based on the RUSLE model.Then the average simulated soil erosion rate of different functional zones and different slope ranges were analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the simulated soil erosion rate of Qianjiangyuan National Park from 2000 to 2019 showed a linear decreasing trend.About 80%of the Qianjiangyuan National Park was slight erosion,and the area of slight erosion showed an increasing trend.The simulated soil erosion rate in 2008 was 424.83 t km^(-2)a^(-1),which was significantly higher than other years due to the snow disaster.The average simulated soil erosion rates of different functional zones were significantly different,with the order of Recreational Display area>Traditional Use area>Core Protection area>Ecological Conservation area.The soil erosion of the Core Protection area was almost not affected by the snow disaster.The simulated soil erosion rate of each slope range showed a decreasing trend year by year.There were no significant differences in the simulated soil erosion rates between the two slope ranges of 5°-8°and 8°-15°,and the average simulated soil erosion rates of other slope ranges had significant differences.[Conclusion]The simulated soil erosion rates of the whole Qianjiangyuan National Park,each functional zone and each slope range show a linear decreasing trend.And the average simulated soil erosion rates differ significantly between different functional zones and between different slope ranges.This study can provide reference for soil erosion control and soil and water conservation measures planning in Qianjiangyuan National Park.