基于文献计量的土壤生物修复技术研究现状及进展分析

Soil Bioremediation Technologies:Bibliometric Analysis,Research Status and Progress

随着人类活动对地球环境的影响日益显著,土壤污染问题已成为社会关注的焦点。我国土壤修复起步较晚,且修复技术仅局限于物理、化学等常规手段。随着国家对污染防治攻坚战的深入推进,修复领域亟需高效、低耗、环保的新技术出现,而生物修复可以一定程度弥补现有修复技术的缺陷。因此,通过与传统物理化学修复比较,探究了生物技术(如动物、植物、微生物技术)的优势、使用特点及适用范围,对国内外生物土壤修复技术进行了计量分析。文献调研结果显示:(1)土壤生物修复主要关注多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,并且微生物技术是研究热点,前期主要探究降解菌的分离鉴定,现阶段则集中于相关机理分析;(2)动物修复技术的主体模式生物单一,主要利用蚯蚓的生物性和非生物性特性进行修复,在土壤修复中应用较少;(3)植物修复技术因其多样的修复机理,广泛应用于重金属污染场地,同时可与微生物协同处理污染物;(4)微生物修复技术主体多样,修复污染物种类多,并且可与其他修复技术联合应用,在生物修复技术中研究最为广泛;(5)对国内土壤修复的发展方向进行展望,以期推动我国修复领域技术的快速发展。

Soil contamination has drawn more attention to the public communities as human behavior influences the earth environment more than before.Soil remediation emerged relatively late in China,resulting in the remediation technologies being limited to some common physical and chemical techniques.China is deepening the battle against pollution,the new techniques are expected to be more efficient,green,and low-cost in the remediation field.Bioremediation could make up for the shortcomings of existing remediation techniques to a certain extent.This study focused on biological soil bioremediation techniques associated with animals,plants and microorganisms through the bibliometric analysis.The results from reviewing the references suggested as following.(1)Soil bioremediation mainly focuses on pollutants,such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals,and microbial techniques are research hotspot.The separation and identification of degrading bacteria were mainly explored in the early stage,and the mechanism analysis are the current focus.(2)The earthworms are the main model animal for the animal remediation techniques,which leverage the biotic and abiotic mechanisms.However,this techniques is rarely used in soil remediation.(3)Phytoremediation techniques is widely used in heavy metal contaminated sites due to its diverse remediation mechanisms,and can be combined with microbes to treat pollutants.(4)Microbial remediation techniques are widely used because of the diverse microorganisms,extent target pollutants,and readily collaborate with other techniques.(5)This review is looking forward to the development of domestic soil remediation,in order to promote the remediation technologies in China.