基于阴阳理论探讨中医药通过调节髓源性抑制细胞抑制恶性肿瘤的研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells against Malignant Tumors Based on Theory of Yin and Yang

目前虽然对恶性肿瘤诊疗手段在不断提高,但患者死亡率却不降反升,根本原因在于对恶性肿瘤的发病机制认识的仍不够深入。肿瘤微环境是肿瘤细胞生存的重要场所,干预肿瘤微环境对提高治疗效果有重要的意义。髓源性抑制细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MDSCs)是组成肿瘤微环境的关键成分,具有免疫抑制性。正常情况下MDSCs在机体内含量极低,但在肿瘤微环境可大量存在,它能通过抑制T细胞、NK细胞、DC细胞等免疫细胞的免疫活性以及参与构成转移前生态位(the pre-metastatic niche, PMN)等方式介导肿瘤细胞发生免疫逃逸。中医认为阴阳失和是肿瘤发生的基本病机,阴阳调和则病瘥。近年多个研究表明中药单体或复方可凭借其阴阳偏性抑制MDSCs的扩增与活化。从阴阳理论出发就近年中医药对MDSCs的调节作用展开综述。

At present, although the diagnosis and treatment methods of malignant tumor are constantly improving, the mortality of patients is increasing instead of decreasing.The fundamental reason is that the pathogenesis of malignant tumor is still not in-depth understanding.Tumor micro-environment is an important place for the survival of tumor cells.Intervention of tumor micro-environment is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are key components of tumor micro-environment and have immunosuppressive properties.Under normal circumstances, the content of MDSCs in the body is very low, but they can exist in large quantities in the tumor micro-environment.MDSCs can mediate the immune escape of tumor cells by inhibiting the immune activity of T cells, NK cells, DC cells and other immune cells and participating in the formation of pre-metastatic niche.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the disharmony between Yin and Yang is the basic pathogenesis of tumor.In recent years, many studies have shown that Chinese herbal monomers or compounds can inhibit the amplification and activation of MDSCs by their Yin-Yang bias.This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine on MDSCs in recent years based on the theory of Yin and Yang.