基于用户参与思维的产品设计需求获取方法

Product design requirements acquisition method based on user engagement thinking

针对产品设计中用户需求获取与评价过程脱离用户导致需求有效性不高的问题,通过引入用户满意度概念将设计需求定义为有效需求,提出一种基于用户参与思维的产品设计需求获取方法——对象中介刺激(Object Mediated Stimulation,OMS)法。以用户参与思维为基础,利用产品作为中介对象刺激用户对产品的认知,通过分析用户对中介产品的操作行为获得已知需求。借助Kano模型将已知需求逐渐转化为未知功能需求;通过效仿德尔菲法判定未知物功能需求是否为有效需求。以车载灭火器为例,依据有效需求提出设计方案,并对新旧两种设计方案进行满意度对比。结果表明:对象中介刺激法能够通过用户的持续参与获得更符合用户的需求,且所得需求对提升产品满意度有较明显的帮助,可为产品设计提供参考,也为企业获取用户需求提供一种具有较强操作性的新思路。

Aiming at the problem that low requirement effectiveness caused by the separation of user requirement acquisition and evaluation process in product design,the design requirement was defined as effective requirement through the introduction of the concept of user satisfaction.An object-mediated stimulation(OMS)method was proposed based on user participation thinking to acquire requirements for product design.Based on user engagement thinking,the product was used as an intermediary object to stimulate user perception of the product.The known object requirements were obtained through the analysis of user operational behavior of intermediary products.The known object requirements were gradually transformed into unknown functional requirements with the help of Kano model.The unknown functional requirements were determined that whether they are effective requirements by following the Delphi method.The vehicle-mounted extinguisher was taken as an example to propose a design scheme based on valid requirements and compare the satisfaction of the old and new design scheme.The results showed that the method could accurately obtain user effective requirements by means of continuous user participation.This obviously help to improve product satisfaction,provided valuable references for design products.It also provided a new idea with strong operability for enterprises to obtain user requirements.