安徽省2017—2021年新发现和复现钉螺调查

Investigation on newly emerging and re-emerging snail habitats in Anhui,2017-2021

目的了解安徽省2017—2021年新发现和复现钉螺面积变化情况及其相关影响因素,为制定钉螺控制措施提供科学依据。方法根据历史钉螺调查资料,收集2017—2021年安徽省新发现和复现钉螺环境数据信息,采用回顾性调查方法,调查和分析钉螺新发现和复现环境形成的原因。结果2017—2021年,全省累计新发现钉螺面积840.41 hm^(2),其中湖沼型地区新发现钉螺559.14 hm^(2)(占66.53%),山丘型地区为281.27 hm^(2)(占33.47%);复现钉螺1176.87 hm^(2),其中湖沼型地区复现钉螺669.39 hm^(2)(占56.88%),山丘型地区为507.48 hm^(2)(占43.12%)。池州、安庆、芜湖3个市新发现有螺面积之和占全省89.35%,复现有螺面积之和占全省88.82%。钉螺新发现和复现面积最多为2021年,分别为611.52 hm^(2)和976.84 hm^(2)。新发现和复现钉螺环境主要分布传播阻断地区,分别占65.54%和84.30%;新发现和复现钉螺环境类型均以滩地为主,分别占65.54%和52.12%。钉螺复现环境中,复现时间间距最长为50年以上。洪涝灾害、钉螺随水系漂移扩散等自然因素是造成新发现钉螺环境的主要原因,分别占总新发现钉螺面积71.44%和21.75%,工程建设有螺环境取土、水利设施建设、耕地抛荒、苗木移栽等人为因素也可导致局部环境新发现钉螺。洪涝灾害是造成钉螺复现的主要原因,占总复现钉螺面积72.29%,历史残留钉螺、工程建设有螺环境取土、耕地抛荒、苗木移栽、生态保护区禁止灭螺、水利设施建设等因素也是造成钉螺复现的原因。结论洪涝灾害是钉螺复现和新发现的重要因素,工程建设及苗木移栽等人为因素也易引起钉螺复现和新发现。为及时发现并处置新发和复现钉螺环境,防止钉螺扩散蔓延,应加强洪涝灾害后钉螺分布调查和历史有螺环境的常规监测,做好工程建设、苗木移栽等有螺土的处置。

Objective To understand the changes of newly emerging and re-emerging snail areas in Anhui from 2017 to 2021 and analyze its related influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating snail control strategies.Methods According to the historical snail survey data,the information of newly emerging and re-emerging snails from 2017 to 2021 were collected,the causes for the formation of newly emerging and re-emerging snails flourish environments were investigated and analyzed retrospectively.Results During 2017-2021,in Anhui,the area with newly emerging snails was respectively 840.41 hm^(2),559.14 hm^(2)(66.53%)in lake and marshland areas and 281.27 hm^(2)(33.47%)in hilly areas;the area of re-emerging snails was respectively 1176.87 hm^(2),669.39 hm^(2)(56.88%)in lake and marshland areas and 507.48 hm^(2)(43.12%)in hilly and mountainous areas.The sum of newly emerging snail area in Chizhou,Anqing and Wuhu accounted for 89.35%of all,the sum of re-emerging snail area accounted for 88.82%.In 2021,the areas with newly emerging and re-emerging snails peaked at 611.52 hm^(2)and 976.84 hm^(2),respectively.The newly emerging and re-emerging snail habitats were mainly distributed in the transmission interruption areas,accounting for 65.54%and 84.30%,respectively.The newly emerging and re-emerging snail habitats were mainly found in fluvial marsh,accounting for 65.54%and 52.12%,respectively.In recent 5 years,the longest time interval of re-emerging snails was more than 50 years.The main causes of newly emerging snails were natural factors such as flood disaster and snail drift along river system.Natural factors,such as flood disaster and snail drift along river system,were the main reasons for the newly emerging snail habitats,accounting for 71.44%and 21.75%,respectively.Human factors,such as soil extraction from snail habitats,construction of water conservancy facilities,farmland abandonment and seedling transplanting,could also lead to the newly emerging snail habitats.Flood disaster was the main cause of re-emerging snail habitats,accounting for 72.29%.In addition,the re-emerging snail habitats were caused by historical snail residue,soil collection in snail habitats for construction projects,land abandonment,seedling transplanting,prohibition of snail control in ecological protection areas,and construction of water conservancy facilities.Conclusions Flood disaster is an important factor for snail newly emerging and re-emerging.Human factors such as engineering construction and seedling transplanting are also easy to cause snail newly emerging and re-emerging.In order to timely detect and deal with newly emerging and re-emerging snail habitats and prevent snail diffusion,it is necessary to investigate snail distribution after flood disaster,the routine monitoring of historical snail habitats should be strengthened;in engineering construction and seedling transplanting,the disposal of soil with snails should be done well.