新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间输入性疟疾防控策略及效果分析

Prevention and control strategies of imported malaria during the COVID-19 outbreak and its effects

目的通过对深圳市在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间输入性疟疾流行情况和所实行的防控措施进行总结分析,为新冠病毒疫情下做好输入性疟疾防治工作提供参考。方法收集2017—2021年深圳市疟疾疫情防治资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析疟疾流行情况、采取的措施及防治效果。结果2017—2021年深圳市共报告104例疟疾确诊病例,均为境外输入性病例,97.1%由非洲输入;以恶性疟为主,占80.8%;发病年龄以青壮年为主,20~49岁年龄段占发病人数的81.7%;患者以境外务工人员居多,占59.6%。全年各月均有疟疾病例报告,8月最多13例,其次是9月12例。2017—2021年共布放诱蚊灯709台,共捕获蚊子3523只,平均蚊密度为2.60只/灯·夜,未发现有按蚊,优势蚊种均为致倦库蚊。在新冠肺炎疫情期间,深圳市从完善多部门合作联防的工作机制、加强筛查与监测、人员培训、蚊媒控制、物资保障等几方面实施了一系列措施,做到早发现、早转运、早隔离和早治疗。结论深圳市在防控输入性新冠肺炎的同时全面实施一系列防控输入性疟疾措施并取得了积极的成效,实现了及时识别发现病例并有效救治,阻止了疟疾重症及死亡病例发生,防止疟疾疫情传播和扩散。

Objective To summary and analyze the epidemic situation of imported malaria and the prevention and control measures implemented during the new crown pneumonia epidemic in Shenzhen,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of imported malaria under COVID-19 epidemic.Methods The data on the prevention and control of malaria epidemic in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 were collected for analyzing the epidemic situation of malaria,measures taken and the effect of prevention and control with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2017 to 2021,a total of 104 confirmed malaria cases were reported in Shenzhen,all of which were imported from abroad.97.1%were imported from Africa,mainly falciparum malaria,accounting for 80.8%.The age of onset was mainly young adults,the age group 20-49 years accounted for 81.7%,and most of the patients were overseas migrant workers,accounting for 59.6%.Imported malaria cases were reported in each month,the most was 13 cases in July,then 12 cases in September.From 2017 to 2021,709 mosquito trap lamps were placed,and 3523 mosquitoes were captured,with an average mosquito density of 2.60 per lamp and night.Anopheles were not found,and the dominant species were Culex quinquefasciatus.During the outbreak of COVID-19,Shenzhen has implemented a series of measures in terms of improving the working mechanism of multi-departmental cooperation and joint defense,strengthening screening and monitoring,personnel training,mosquito vector control,and material security,so as to achieve early detection,early transfer,early isolation and early treatment.Conclusions A series of measures have been comprehensively implemented to prevent and control imported malaria in Shenzhen while preventing and controlling imported new coronary pneumonia,and achieved positive results.It has realized the timely identification of cases and effective treatment,and prevented the occurrence of severe and fatal malaria cases,as well as halting the spread and spread of malaria outbreaks.