新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株的最新研究进展

Recent advances in the study of a novel Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

由于新冠病毒的多种变异株不断出现,在过去两年中,持续的新冠疫情造成了严重的死亡率。在Alpha、Be⁃ta、Gamma和Delta变异株之后出现的新的值得关注的变异株(variant of concern,VOC)是Omicron(B.1.1.529),它是由于大量突变的积累而进化成的。Omicron变异株的传播率比Delta变异株高得多,很快取代Delta和其他变异株成为全球的主要变异株。Omicron变异株的出现为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的预防和控制带来了新的挑战,并在全球引发了一系列恐慌。最近,我国多地出现了Omicron变异株感染病例,因此本文对Omicron变异株的流行病学和免疫逃逸机制进行了全面的分析和总结。我们还论述了一些针对Omicron变异株的诊断和治疗策略,包括快速诊断、对新出现的变异株进行基因组分析、加大疫苗接种力度、接种增强针、更新现有疫苗和生产能够产生混合免疫的多价疫苗等。此外,要想成功应对正在进行的COVID-19大流行,我们需要高度重视医疗设施的升级和施行严格的防控措施。

Due to the continued emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2,the ongoing pandemic has resulted in severe mortality over the past two years.After the Alpha,Beta,Gamma and Delta variants,the most recent new variant of concern(VOC)strain to emerge is Omicron(B.1.1.529),which evolved as a result of the accumulation of a large number of mutations.The Omicron variant,which has a much higher transmission rate than the Delta variant,soon replaced the Delta variant and others,is now the dominant variant worldwide.The emergence of Omicron poses new challenges for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and has raised a number of concerns worldwide.Recently,cases of Omicron infection have been reported in several parts of China,and therefore this paper provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant.We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant,including rapid diagnosis,genome analysis of emerging variants,ramping up of vaccination drives and receiving booster doses,updating the available vaccines,designing of multivalent vaccines able to generate hybrid immunity,up-gradation of medical facilities and strict implementation of adequate prevention and control measures need to be given high priority to handle the on-going COVID-19 pandemic successfully.