叶面喷施蚯蚓氨基酸肥对西瓜产量及品质的影响

Effects of foliage spray of earthworm amino acid fertilizer on watermelon yield and quality

蚯蚓水解液富含大量氨基酸,对作物生长具有明显的促进作用。试验以清水及尿素追肥为对照,在西瓜膨果期叶面喷施不同稀释倍数(800、500和300稀释倍数)的蚯蚓氨基酸追肥,研究其对西瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:尿素追肥的西瓜产量与清水追肥差异不显著;蚯蚓氨基酸800倍液的西瓜产量分别比清水、尿素追肥提高了19%和18%。尿素追肥西瓜果实的含糖量、有机酸含量高于清水追肥,但糖酸比低于清水追肥;与清水追肥相比,蚯蚓氨基酸300、500、800倍液增加了西瓜果实含糖量;800、500倍液降低了有机酸含量,增加了糖酸比;与尿素追肥相比,蚯蚓氨基酸300、500、800倍液保持了与之相当的含糖量,但降低了有机酸含量,从而提高了糖酸比,其中蚯蚓氨基酸800倍液有机酸含量最低、糖酸比最高。尿素追肥西瓜果实硝酸盐含量与清水追肥相当;与清水及尿素追肥相比,蚯蚓氨基酸300、500、800倍液显著降低了西瓜果实硝酸盐含量,追施800和500倍液的西瓜果实硝酸盐含量最低。尿素追肥处理西瓜果实可溶性蛋白质含量低于清水处理;与清水及尿素追肥相比,800、500倍液蚯蚓氨基酸肥能显著增加西瓜果实可溶性蛋白质的含量。尿素追肥的西瓜维生素C(Vc)含量与清水追肥差异不显著;与清水及尿素追肥相比,喷施蚯蚓氨基酸500、300倍液能增加西瓜果实内Vc含量。综合来看,在西瓜膨果期叶面喷施适当浓度的蚯蚓氨基酸肥有利于提升西瓜产量和品质,其中以叶面喷施蚯蚓氨基酸800倍液效果最佳。

The earthworm hydrolysate was rich in amino acids that had a significant positive effect on crop growth.In order to study the effects of earthworm amino acid topdressing on watermelon yield and quality,the earthworm amino acid topdressing with different dilution ratios(800,500 and 300 dilution ratios)sprayed on the leaves of watermelon at the fruit expansion stage was conducted in this study,and water and urea topdressing were used as control.The results showed that the watermelon yield in urea topdressing was equivalent to that in water topdressing.Compared with water and urea topdressing,watermelon yield increased by 19%and 18%in earthworm amino acid 800 dilution ratio.The sugar content and organic acid content of watermelon in urea topdressing were higher than those in water topdressing,while,the sugar-acid ratio in urea topdressing was lower than that in water topdressing.Compared with water topdressing,earthworm amino acid at 300,500 and 800 dilution ratios showed the higher sugar content in watermelon and earthworm amino acids at 800,500 dilution ratios showed the lower content of organic acids and the higher sugar-acid ratio.Compared with urea topdressing,earthworm amino acid at 300,500 and 800 dilution ratios maintained the same sugar content in earthworm amino acid topdressing,while reduced the organic acid content,therefore increased the sugar-acid ratio,especially,the organic acid content was the lowest and the sugar-acid ratio was the highest in earthworm amino acid at 800 dilution ratio.The nitrate content of watermelon in urea topdressing was equivalent to that of water topdressing.Earthworm amino acid at 300,500,800 dilution ratios showed significantly lower nitrate content in watermelon than that in water and urea topdressing,especially at 800 and 500 dilution ratios.The soluble protein content of watermelon in urea topdressing was lower than that in water topdressing.Compared with water and urea topdressing,earthworm amino acid at 800 and 500 dilution ratios could significantly increase the content of soluble protein.The Vitamin C(Vc)content of watermelon in urea topdressing was similar with that in water topdressing.Compared with water and urea topdressing,earthworm amino acid at 500 and 300 dilution ratios could increase the Vc content.Overall,spraying appropriate concentration of earthworm amino acid on the leaves of watermelon during fruit expansion stage was beneficial to improve the yield and quality of watermelon,and earthworm amino acid at 800 dilution ratio showed the best effect.