保障性住房、社会身份与公平感——来自社区实地实验的证据

INDEMNIFICATORY HOUSING,SOCIAL IDENTITY AND FAIRNESS——Evidence from a Field Experiment in Community

2020年中央经济工作会议指出要重视保障性租赁住房建设,同时明确提出要逐步使租购住房在享受公共服务上具有同等权利。长期租购权利的不平等容易使得人们在心理认知上给予租房与购房不同的价值权重,这种认知上的差异进一步造成了租、购两类住户社会身份上的差异。因此,探究租购身份差异是否会影响人们日常交往时的公平感,对于改善人民居住条件,避免租购不同群体之间的社会分割,促进全体人民共同富裕有重要意义。为控制其他因素的干扰,我们运用实地实验方法,以同一社区的经济适用房住户和公租房住户为实验对象,以是否公开租购身份信息为干预手段,将租购身份外生地引入最后通牒博弈中,从自我认知和对他人的认知两个角度考察租购身份是否会影响租、购住户之间的公平分配行为。结果显示,公开租购身份会唤醒租房者的自我认知,长期的租购权利不平等使得租房者渴望更公平的资源分配。同时,公开租购身份也会改变人们对他人的认知,相比于面对购房者,人们在面对租房者时会提出更加公平的分配方案。

In 2020,the Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that we should pay attention to the construction of indemnificatory housing.At the same time, it clearly pointed out that renting and purchase should gradually have the same right to enjoy public services.The long-term inequality right between tenants and buyers makes people view different between renting houses and buying houses in psychological cognition, which may further lead to difference in social identity between these two groups.Therefore, it is of great significance to explore whether the difference of tenants identity and buyers identity will affect people’s sense of fairness in daily communication, which can improve people’s living conditions and promote the common prosperity, with avoiding social segmentation between tenants and buyers.In order to control the interference of other factors, this paper uses the method of field experiment with affordable housing and public rental housing households as subjects, taking the disclosure of tenants identity and buyers identity information as the intervention and introducing the tenants identity and buyers identity exogenous into the ultimatum game for the purpose of investigating whether tenants identity and buyers identity affect fairness between the two groups.The results show that disclosing tenants identity and buyers identity will awaken the self-awareness of tenants.The long-term inequality of tenants’ and buyers’ right makes tenants eager for a more equitable allocation of resources.At the same time, disclosing tenants identity and buyers identity will also change people’s cognition of others.Compared with facing property buyers, people will put forward a more equitable distribution plan when facing tenants.