家务劳动与已婚女性劳动力市场表现——兼论性别角色的调节作用

Housework and Women’s Labor Market Outcomes:A Moderating Role of Gender Roles

家务劳动对工资的惩罚效应受家务劳动时间、种类以及能否在休息日完成的影响,但国内已有研究仅从整体上或家务劳动种类分析家务劳动时间对劳动力市场结果的影响,没有将家务劳动时间按工作日和休息日划分的研究。基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据,实证检验工作日家务劳动和休息日家务劳动对已婚女性劳动力市场表现的影响,并加入工作日和休息日家务劳动时间与性别角色观念的交互项,探究性别角色观念的调节作用。研究结果显示,工作日家务劳动和休息日家务劳动均对已婚女性非农就业、受雇情况和周工作时长有负向影响,并且工作日家务劳动的负向影响更大。无论工作日家务劳动还是休息日家务劳动对已婚女性的小时工资率都没有显著的惩罚效应。工作日家务劳动和休日家务劳动对已婚女性劳动力市场表现的影响存在城乡差异。性别角色观念会增强已婚女性工作日家务劳动的小时工资惩罚效应,休息日家务劳动对已婚女性非农就业和受雇情况的负向影响会受性别角色观念的调节作用而加强。提高已婚女性劳动参与和收入,改善我国就业和收入的不平等,需要社会和家庭的共同努力。

The penalty effect of housework on wages is affected by the time,type and whether it can be completed on rest days.However,domestic research has only analysis the impact of the whole housework time or type of housework on wages,lacking study in divides housework time into working days and rest days.Using the data of 2016 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,this paper empirically examines the impact of working day and rest day housework on women’s labor market outcomes,and adds the interaction term of housework and gender roles to explore the moderat⁃ing effect of gender roles.The results show that both working day housework and rest day housework have a negative impact on women’s employment rate and weekly working hours,and the negative impact of working day housework is greater.There was no significant punitive effect on women’s hourly wage regardless of housework on working days or rest days.The influence of working day housework and rest days housework on women’s labor market performance is different in urban and rural areas.The gender roles enhance the wage penalty effect of housework on working days.The negative effect of rest day housework on women’s employment rate is strengthened by the moderating effect of gender roles.It needs the joint efforts of society and families to improve women’s employment rate,income,and the inequality of employment and income in China.