要素约束与风险分散诉求下种粮大户生产方式转型逻辑与效果

Logic and effect of production method transition of large grain growers under the constraints of factors and demands of risk diversification

关注在不完全要素市场条件下,种粮大户选择同时从事土地规模经营与农机外包服务的双经营组合方式的形成逻辑,并分析这种经营方式转型对种粮大户生产经营绩效的影响。本文从要素约束与风险分散视角出发,利用黑龙江、浙江、河南和四川等四省两期微观面板数据,对种粮大户双经营组合方式形成的原因与效果进行分析。结果表明:(1)在中国不完全要素市场条件下,较强的资金和劳动力约束、较大的自然风险会促使种粮大户生产经营方式从单一从事土地规模经营向双经营(同时进行土地规模经营与农机外包服务)转型。(2)双经营组合方式有利于种粮大户提升资本深化水平与生产效率,并能平抑经营收益波动,相对于单一从事土地规模经营,采用双经营组合方式能有效帮助种粮大户应对日益加剧的自然风险与市场风险。研究结论对助推中国粮食生产经营方式创新,保障种粮大户的收益,践行国家“藏粮于地”战略有重要的政策涵义。

This study focused on the formation of the dual business portfolio of large-scale land operation and agricultural machinery outsourcing service supply chosen by large grain farmers under incomplete factor market conditions,and analyzed the impact of this business transition on the production and management performance of large grain farmers.From the perspective of factor constraints and risk diversification,we analyzed the causes and effects of the dual business combination of large grain farmers using two periods of micro panel data from four provinces.The results show that under incomplete factor markets,In China’s incomplete factor market conditions,the stronger capital and labor constraints and greater natural risks will prompt the transformation of the production and operation mode of large grain farmers from a single land scale operation to a dual operation(simultaneous land scale operation and farm machinery outsourcing services).The dual management approach is beneficial for large grain farmers to improve their capital level and production efficiency,and to smooth out the fluctuation of operating income.The findings of this study have important policy implications for promoting innovation in China’s grain production and management methods,safeguarding the returns of large grain farmers,and implementing the national strategy of“storing grain in the land”.