农业社会化服务的绿色发展效应——基于农户视角

Green development effect of agricultural socialized services:An analysis based on farming households’perspective

农业社会化服务在经验事实和政策设计上,被视为小农户有机衔接现代农业的有效路径和战略选择,是提升农业绿色全要素生产率(AGTFP)的现实抓手,有助于推动农业农村绿色发展。本文从当前农业生产经营形态中占绝对比重的微观主体出发,以大容量CFPS的2014、2016和2018年最新3期样本建构短平衡面板数据,通过投入产出测度法和技术优化Malmquist-Luenberger指数分别测度农户层面的社会化服务和绿色农业发展水平,并采用门槛效应模型进行实证检验。研究发现:(1)农业社会化服务会影响农户的生产要素投入结构和质量,可能通过增加正产出、减少负产出来提高农业绿色全要素生产率;(2)在家庭效用最大化的目标导向下,这种影响存在“适度边界”,可能通过直接转移和间接技术溢出打破农业技术辐射扩散“玻璃幕墙”,影响绿色农业技术变化进步偏向;通过专业分工、规模经营、要素替代和制度变迁效应消除“隐性壁垒”,影响绿色农业技术效率,进而共同助推微观绿色农业发展。(3)社会化服务对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响效应总体呈现非对称性“U”型关系,促降效应大于促增效应,且在户主性别、村庄距离和区域环境上表现出明显异质性。据此提出,要深刻把握基本国情农情,持续加快发展农业社会化服务,促进农户增收节本增效,转变农户农业生产方式,助推中国特色农业现代化进程加速。

Agricultural socialized services are considered an effective path and strategic choice in practice and policy design for small farming households’connection to modern agriculture and a realistic starting point to enhance agricultural green total factor productivity(AGTFP),and help promote green development of agriculture and rural areas.This study started from the microsubjects that account for an absolute majority of the current agricultural production and operation,constructed short balanced panel data with the latest three sample periods of 2014,2016 and 2018from the large sample of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),measured the development level of socialized services and green agriculture at the farming household level through input-outputbased measures and Malmquist-Luenberger index,and used a threshold effect model to empirically test the results.It was found that:(1)Agricultural socialized services affect the input structure and quality of agricultural production factors of farming households,and may improve agricultural green total factor productivity by increasing positive output and reducing negative output;(2)Under the guidance of the family efficacy maximization target,this impact has a“moderate boundary”,which may break the“glass curtain wall”of the radiation and diffusion of agricultural technology through direct transfer and indirect technology spillover,and affect the progress of green agricultural technology changes.The effect of factor substitution and institutional change eliminates“hidden barriers”,affects the technical efficiency of green agriculture,and jointly promotes the development of green agriculture for farming households.(3)The overall effect of agricultural socialized services on AGTFP shows a U-shaped relationship,with a greater effect of promoting decline than promoting increase,and shows obvious heterogeneity in terms of gender of household head,village distance,and regional environment.Accordingly,it is suggested that we should deeply understand the basic national and agricultural conditions,continue to accelerate the development of agricultural socialized services,promote farming households’income generation and cost saving,transform farming households’agricultural production methods,and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics.