数据产权的概念、规制作用及对策建议

Concept,Regulatory Function and Countermeasures of Data Property Rights

当前,数字经济已成为经济高质量发展的重要推动力,数据是盘活数字经济的关键要素,对数据产权相关问题进行研究,具有重要理论和现实意义。数据作为一种可复制的虚拟实体,并不具有真正排他性以及有形实体性,但随着交换与流通的不断深入,实际上已被广泛认为是一种“东西”,可像商品和动产一样被拥有。数字经济的发展需要现有法律对产生的新问题作出规范化解释。本文通过对数据产权内涵的解读,分析了完善数据产权制度所带来的规制作用。在分析数据要素市场确立过程中面临的挑战基础上,从明确数据产权的主体及权属划分,提倡公法、私法或专门性法规进行协同保护以及社会共同治理方面进一步探析了数据产权制度的构建路径,旨在切实解决数据要素市场确立中的产权问题,促进数字经济稳步有序发展。

At present,the digital economy has become an important driving force for high-quality economic development,and data is a key factor for revitalizing the digital economy.It is of important theoretical and practical significance to study the issues related to data property rights.As a replicable virtual entity,data is not really exclusive and tangible entity,but with the deepening of exchange and circulation,it has actually been widely considered as a"thing"that can be owned like goods and movable property.The development of digital economy needs the existing laws to standardize the new problems.By interpreting the connotation of data property rights,this paper analyzes the regulatory effect brought by the improvement of data property rights system.On the basis of analyzing the challenges faced in the process of data factor market establishment,this paper further explores the construction path of data property rights system from the aspects of clarifying the division of the subjects and ownership of data property rights and advocating the collaborative protection and social joint governance by public law,private law or specialized laws and regulations,aiming to effectively solve the property rights problem in the establishment of data factor market and promote the steady and orderly development of digital economy.