基础研究投入与企业生产率差异:创新与选择效应

Basic Research Input and Enterprise Productivity Differences:Innovation and Choice Effects

基础研究具有前瞻性和战略性,是实现突破性技术进步的来源和重要驱动力。本文从新新经济地理学的视角揭示了基础研究投入通过创新效应、选择效应影响地区内企业生产率的作用机理,并基于2007-2018年中国制造业企业微观数据,采用“无条件分布特征-参数对应”估计方法,定性和定量识别了上述两种效应。研究结果表明:基础研究投入是影响地区间企业生产率差异的重要因素,创新效应和选择效应共同提高了基础研究投入较高地区制造业企业生产率水平,且创新效应占主导地位,高效率企业从创新效应中获益更大。异质性分析显示,企业年龄层面上,年轻企业受基础研究投入选择效应影响更为显著,创新效应对成熟企业的作用大于年轻企业;行业层面上,基础研究对高技术行业的创新效应与选择效应都显著强于低技术行业;地区特征层面上,基础研究对企业生产率的创新效应与选择效应在生产性服务业集聚程度较高地区更明显。本研究有助于引导各地区优化不同类型研发投入布局结构,合理增加基础研究经费投入,推动重点企业和行业基础研究发展,为促进制造业企业技术进步,提高企业生产率水平提供新思路。

Regional productivity is an important internal driving force for regional economic development.It is of great significance to promote high-quality economic development and improve regional competitiveness.Technological innovation has always been regarded as the main means to improve productivity,but the research found that although the R&D investment cost in various regions of China has increased year by year,the innovation efficiency is not high,and the productivity gap in various regions is expanding.Some Chinese scholars have explained this phenomenon and believe that insufficient investment in basic research is an important reason for hindering domestic R&D to achieve core technology breakthrough and promote productivity improvement.Basic research refers to the experimental or theoretical research carried out in order to obtain the basic principles of phenomena and observable facts.It can reveal the essence and movement law of objective things,make science obtain new development and produce new theories.It is the cognitive starting point of a series of scientific knowledge and technological progress,for example,modern computer technology and information security technology are based on pure mathematics.Basic research is forward-looking and strategic.It is the source and important driving force to achieve breakthrough technological progress.Reasonably increasing the investment of basic research funds and promoting the development of basic research in key enterprises and industries is of great significance to promote the technological progress of manufacturing enterprises and improve the level of regional productivity.From the perspective of new and new economic geography,this paper reveals the mechanism of basic research input affecting the productivity of enterprises in the region through innovation effect and selection effect,and qualitatively and quantitatively identifies the above two effects by using the"unconditional distribution characteristics parameter correspondence"estimation method based on the micro data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2007 to 2018.The research results show that basic research input is an important factor affecting the productivity gap between enterprises in different regions.Innovation effect and selection effect jointly improve the productivity level of manufacturing enterprises in regions with high basic research input,and innovation effect plays a leading role.Efficient enterprises benefit more from innovation effect.Heterogeneity analysis shows that young enterprises are more significantly affected by the selection effect of basic research investment on the level of enterprise age,and the role of innovation effect on mature enterprises is greater than that of young enterprises;At the industry level,the innovation and selection effects of basic research on high-tech industries are significantly stronger than low technology industries;In terms of regional characteristics,the innovation effect and selection effect of basic research on enterprise productivity are more obvious in regions with higher concentration of producer services.Through theoretical and empirical tests,the main policy suggestions obtained in this paper are as follows:first,pay full attention to the important role of basic research in improving the productivity of regional enterprises,and increase the investment in basic research.China's regional industrial development is at a new historic turning point.Only by increasing the investment in basic research can we make applied research play a role,improve the productivity of enterprises in the region and narrow the productivity gap between regions.Second,focus on basic research investment in high-efficiency enterprises,mature enterprises and high-tech industries.High efficiency enterprises,non-state-owned enterprises and hightech industries are more dependent on basic research.Only by increasing investment in basic research can China's high-tech industry realize the transformation from imitation innovation to original innovation.Third,strengthen the construction of producer services and give full play to the role of producer services in basic research and improving the productivity of regional enterprises.