公民扭送的体系定位与规范展开

System positioning and Specification Development of Citizen Seizing and Delivering a Suspect

公民扭送作为刑事诉讼法上的“隐秘角落”,存在体系定位、实体法正当性论证和具体适用等方面的问题。从宏观的体系定位上看,现有强制措施说与非强制措施说均有缺陷,公民扭送应定位于国家追诉权力辅助和补充的公民紧急抓捕权,在刑事诉讼中具有制度独立性。从中观的实体法正当性论证上看,扭送所造成的侵害可以在刑法上被正当化。公民扭送与正当防卫存在交叉重叠关系,但二者仍有明显区别,应细致甄别以求得正确的处理。从微观的具体适用上看,公民扭送有四项基本条件:对象条件、主观条件、时间与目的地条件和限度条件。其中,公民扭送的限度条件应比正当防卫更为严格,可以区别不同扭送对象进行扭送限度的分类判断。还需审慎判断实务中的使用武器扭送、驾车追赶和入室扭送的限度问题。

As a“hidden corner”in criminal procedure law,citizen seizing and delivering a suspect are related to such issues as system positioning,justification of substantive law and application.In terms of macro system positioning,the existing compulsory measure theory and non-compulsory measure theory have their own defects and citizen seizing and delivering a suspect should be positioned as the emergency arrest right for citizens for assistance and supplementation of national power to prosecute and is of institutional independence in criminal proceedings.With respect to mid-scope justification of substantive law,infringement resulted from citizen seizing and delivering a suspect can be legitimated in criminal law.Noteworthily,citizen seizing and delivering a suspect and legitimate defense are not only overlapped but also differ from each other significantly.Both of the above should be distinguished carefully for proper treatment.With respect to micro concrete application,citizen seizing and delivering a suspect involves four basic conditions:Object condition,subjective condition,time and destination condition and limit condition.In particular,limit condition of citizen seizing and delivering a suspect should be stricter than that of legitimate defense and limit of citizen seizing and delivering a suspect can be classified and judged by distinguishing different objects of citizen seizure and delivering a suspect.In addition,prudent judgment should also be made over the limit of citizen seizure and delivering a suspect with arms,pursuing by driving and home seizure and delivering a suspect in practice.