冷冻胚胎移植之规范与政策及伦理——基于类案判决的解读

Regulations,Policies and Ethics of Frozen Embryo Transplant——Interpretation Based on Similar Case Judgments

我国现有的冷冻胚胎移植案判决大多支持丧偶妇女的继续移植诉请,其在形式上构成了对现行规范的冒犯,即违背了禁止为单身妇女实施人类辅助生殖技术的行政规章,以及每次手术须经当事人明确同意的规定,但其判决结果却事实上回应了当前的人口生育政策,也与重视血脉繁衍的传统伦理高度契合;其试图通过对规范的解释和对意思表示的推定以实现规则的有效适用之判决说理,也具有可宽宥性及可参考性。为了将类案判决所传递的价值以可靠且稳定的方式实现,建议明确删除有关基于生育管制目的的人类辅助生殖禁令,完善医疗服务合同中有关剩余冷冻胚胎处置的约定,在个案判决中特别加强对后代保护原则的实质审查。

Most of the existing frozen embryo transfer cases have supported the widowed women's application for continued transplant,which constitutes an offence to the existing norms,that is,they violate the administrative regulations prohibiting the implementation of human assisted reproductive technology for single women,and violate the rules that each operation requires the explicit consent of the parties.However,the judgments respond to the cur⁃rent population and fertility policy,which is highly consistent with the country's traditional ethics that attaches impor⁃tance to blood reproduction,and attempts to realize the effective application of the rules through the interpretation of the norms and the presumption of expression of will,which is forgivable and referential.In order to realize the value of judgment transmission in such cases in a reliable and stable way,it is suggested to explicitly delete the ban on hu⁃man assisted reproduction based on the purpose of birth control,improve the agreement on the disposal of remaining frozen embryos in the medical service contract,and especially strengthen the substantive review of the principle of offspring protection in case justice.