患方知情同意权与医疗紧急救治行为之冲突的平衡探究

Research on the Balance between Patients'Informed Consent Right and Emergent Medical Treatment

患方知情同意权与医疗紧急救治行为发生冲突时究竟应以何者为优?引起二者冲突的主要原因是信息的错位、利益的错位和伦理观念的错位;而平衡冲突,应以保护患者生命健康权为基础,合理履行医方的告知义务,以患者最佳利益原则为最终评判标准来指导医方行为;在实际操作层面,则应以患者意见为最终意见,当患者无法表达意见时则采用意定优于法定的顺序,建立预先医疗指示制度,让患者事先对可能发生的医疗情况作出选择或指令代理人代为作出医疗决策,若患者来不及指令时则由法定代理人作出医疗决定、由医方监督决定是否利于患者利益。

In the conflict between patients'informed consent right and emergent medical treatment,which one has the priority?The misplaced information,misplaced interests and misplaced ethics are the main reasons for the conflict,and the balance of the conflict should be based on the protection of the patient's right to life and health,while the doctors should reasonably fulfill the obligation to inform,and their behaviors should be guided by the prin⁃ciple of taking patients'best interest as the final criterion.At the practical level,the patient's opinion should be the fi⁃nal opinion.When the patient is unable to express his or her opinion,voluntary takes precedence over statutory one,and the pre-medical directive system should be established to allow the patient to make a choice in advance about possible medical situations or to instruct an agent to make medical decisions on his or her behalf,and when it is too late for the patient to instruct,the legal agent makes the medical decision and the medical authority monitors whether the decision is in the interest of the patient.