行动研究理论健康教育联合吞咽康复护理在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用

Application of action research theory health education combined with swallowing rehabilitation nursing in stroke patients with dysphagia

目的探讨行动研究理论健康教育联合吞咽康复护理在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2020年11月—2021年11月吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的128例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组。对照组采取吞咽康复护理,试验组在对照组基础上实施行动研究理论健康教育,对两组吞咽功能、自我护理能力及生活质量进行比较。结果护理前,两组的吞咽功能量表(SSA)、自我护理能力量表(ESCA)及吞咽生活质量问卷(SWAL-QOL)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。护理3个月后,两组的SSA评分低于护理前,试验组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组ESCA各维度评分均高于护理前,且试验组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SWAL-QOL各维度评分均高于护理前,且试验组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中实施行动研究理论健康教育联合吞咽康复护理可改善患者的吞咽功能,提升自我护理能力,并提升生活质量。

Objective To explore the effect of health education based on action research theory and swallowing rehabilitation nursing for stroke patients with dysphagia.Methods The random sampling method was used to select 128 stroke patients with dysphagia who were admitted to China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from November 2020 to November 2021.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the control group and the experimental group.The control group received swallowing rehabilitation nursing,while the experimental group received action research theory health education on the basis of the control group.The swallowing function,self-care ability and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results Before nursing,there was no statistically significant difference in scores of Standardized Swallowing Assessment(SSA),Exercise of Self-Care Agency(ESCA)and Swallowing-Quality of Life(SWAL-QOL)between the two groups(P>0.05).After 3 months of nursing,the SSA score of the two groups was lower than that before nursing,and the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of each dimension of ESCA scale in the two groups were higher than those before nursing and the experimental group were higher than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of each dimension of SWAL-QOL scale in the two groups were higher than those before nursing,and the experimental group were higher than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The application of action research theory health education combined with swallowing rehabilitation nursing in stroke patients with dysphagia can improve the swallowing function of patients,self-care ability and quality of life.