半夏新品种赫麻芋2号的选育及其特征特性

Breeding and Characteristics of Hemayu 2,a New Pinellia ternate Variety

【目的】培育适宜贵州省西北部海拔1500 m以上地区种植的半夏优良品种,丰富半夏优良种质资源,为贵州半夏产业发展提供种质基础。【方法】以贵州省赫章县河镇乡地方品种白麻芋为基础材料,采用系统育种方法从中选择优良株系进行半夏新品种选育。【结果】成功育成的半夏新品种赫麻芋2号,在2017年和2018年的多点试验中,平均产量分别为695.27 kg/667m^(2)和747.36 kg/667m^(2),居当年参试品种平均产量的第3位和第1位,分别较对照(大方圆珠半夏)增产72.91%和115.87%;2019年和2020年生产试验中,平均产量分别为914 kg/667m^(2)和1237.44 kg/667m^(2),较对照分别增产26.2%和59.14%;生育期148 d左右,株高13~23 cm,块茎类球型,直径0.6~3.0 cm;浸出物为21%,总酸以琥珀酸(C_(4)H_(6)O_(4))计含量为0.43%,水分含量11.8%,含灰3.5%;中抗半夏块茎腐烂病。【结论】赫麻芋2号于2021年经贵州省农业农村厅和贵州省中医药管理局认定通过(黔认20210003),适宜在贵州赫章、威宁、大方、纳雍等县区海拔1500~2200 m区域及生态类型相似地区种植。

【Objective】New excellent Pinellia ternate varieties suitable for cultivation in northwest regions with>1500 m above sea level are bred to enrich excellent P.ternate germplasm resources and provide the germplasm basis for development of P.ternate industry in Guizhou.【Method】New P.ternate varieties are bred from excellent lines of Baimayu,a local P.ternate variety from Hezhen Township,Hezhang County,Guizhou,by a systematic breeding method.【Result】The average yield of Hemayu 2,a new P.ternate variety,is 695.27 kg/667m^(2) with the third ranking and 747.36 kg/667m^(2) with the first ranking in multipoint joint identification tests in 2017 and 2018.The yield of Hemayu 2 is 72.91%and 115.87%higher than CK(P.ternate“Yuanzhu”in Dafang County)in 2017 and 2018 respectively.The average yield of Hemayu 2 is 914 kg/667m^(2) and 1237.44 kg/667m^(2) in production tests in 2019 and 2020 separately,which increases by 26.2%and 59.14%compared with CK.Hemayu 2 with 148 d growth period,13~23 cm plant height,0.6~3.0 cm spheroidal tuber,21%extract,0.42%C_(4)H_(6)O_(4),11.8%moisture and 3.5%ash is moderately resistant to Pinellia tuber rot.【Conclusion】Hemayu 2 approved by Guizhou Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guizhou Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guizhou Confirmation 20210003)in 2021 is suitable to cultivate in Hezhang,Weining,Dafang and Nayong Counties with an elevation of 1500~2200 m and the regions with the similar ecological type.