“皇族监狱”:清代宗人府空室考论

A Textual Research on The ’Royal Jail’ of Kongshi under The Administration of Royalty Affairs of The Qing Court

宗人府空室是清代对犯罪皇族执行圈禁之刑最重要的专门处所,其收纳对象在性别上绝大多数为男性,在群体类别上起初只针对宗室,雍正十二年才扩展至觉罗。宗人府空室的管理制度在雍乾两朝较为粗疏,此后逐渐严格,“监狱化”色彩渐趋浓重。清中后期,宗人府空室在管理上出现规章日益完善与实际运作愈加废弛的矛盾局面,造成其惩戒作用甚微。这是由于清代皇族刑罚特权、空室制度设计缺陷和监管官员兵役渎职等多重因素相互作用所致。

The agency of Zongrenfu Kongshi(Zongrénfu Kongshi in Chinese pinyin)served as the official chambered-jail specifically for the trail and detention of the royal member who committed crime,which was under the supervision of the administration of royalty affairs of the Qing Court.The royal jail of Kongshi first established for the male wrongdoers of the royal clan(called Zongshi in Chinese pinyin)began to take in the collateral relatives of royalty(called Jueluo in Chinese pinyin)by the 12t"year of Yongzhen's(雍正)reign.The royal jail was operatinglooselyduring theYongzheng-Qianlong(雍正-乾隆)period,but itwasgraduallyperformingas aprison'in functionby strictmanagement system.Yet,the agency of Zongrenfu Kongshi worked ineffectively by the mid-late Qing dynasty as the result of the penalty prerogative of the royalty,the deficiency in administrative system and the supervisors'dereliction of responsibility.