从生命伦理学视域理解科技伦理原则

Ethical principles in the fields of science and technology illustrated from the perspective of bioethics

《关于加强科技伦理治理的意见》明确了当代中国科技发展必须遵循的5项科技伦理原则——增进人类福祉、尊重生命权利、坚持公平公正、合理控制风险以及保持公开透明,如何理解这5项科技伦理原则是科技伦理治理机制建设和相关规范、政策及方针指南制定的关键环节。以生命伦理理论和现实问题为例探讨这5项科技伦理原则,为它们的贯彻落实提供一种思维方式和路径,目的在于阐释科技创新和实践活动中的伦理冲突,以及如何运用这些原则协调这些冲突,应对不同的伦理困境和挑战。

The document"Guidelines on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology"clarifies the five ethical principles in the fields of science and technology that China's contemporary science and technology development must follow:to improve human well-being,to respect the right to life,to adhere to the principle of fairness and justice,to take a reasonable risk control,and to maintain openness and transparency.These principles can be used to form and promote the ethical governance mechanisms for scientific and technological development,the norms,the policies and the guidelines concerning different fields and issues.A good understanding of these five ethical principles becomes a key link in the science and technology ethical governance mechanism,and in the formulation of relevant norms,policies and guidelines.The bioethics is taken as a sample field to explore the five principles and to provide some guidelines for their implementation.This paper discusses the five ethical principles based on some bioethical theories and practical problems,to explain the different ethical conflicts in scientific and technological innovations and practical activities,and how to use these principles to coordinate these conflicts and cope with different ethical dilemmas and challenges.