俄罗斯在吉尔吉斯斯坦的语言文化传播: 现实动因、政策走向与路径选择

Russia's Language and Culture Transmission in Kyrgyzstan:Real Motives,Policy Trends and Path Choices

苏联解体后的30多年来,俄罗斯在吉尔吉斯斯坦的语言文化传播从传统广播电台到网络新媒体、从政府推动到民间往来、从单一模式到多元参与,经历了缓慢发展期、稳步提升期、战略机遇期。面对吉尔吉斯斯坦俄语语言文化符号的式微,南北部民众俄语水平的差异和对俄罗斯文化迥然不同的态度,俄罗斯以明确的对外文化政策为指导,凭借得天独厚的历史文化遗产加强苏联认同,采取俄吉联合办学的方式培养亲俄人才,依托东正教会力量扩大民间影响,利用现代传媒技术搭建网络教育平台,有效地维护和提升了俄罗斯语言文化在吉尔吉斯斯坦的影响力。尽管独立后吉尔吉斯斯坦曾试图通过“去俄化”彰显独立国家的发展方向,借助外部势力文化角逐挑战俄语文化空间,但难以割舍的俄语情结、错综复杂的现实利益关系,令其始终没有摆脱俄罗斯文化的影响及俄语官方语言的地位,尽管这种影响的力度在下降。

In more than 30 years after the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Russian language and culture transmission in Kyrgyzstan has changed from traditional radio to new online media,from government promotion to nongovernmental exchanges,from a single model to diverse participation and experienced periods of slow development,steady progress and strategic opportunity period.Faced with the decline of the Russian language and cultural symbols in Kyrgyzstan as well as differentiated Russian proficiency and attitudes towards Russian culture between the northern and southern parts of Kyrgyzstan,Russia has implemented a clear foreign cultural policy,strengthened the Soviet Union's identity with its unique historical and cultural heritage,cultivated pro-Russian talents through joint school running,expanded influence via the Orthodox Church,built online education platforms with modern media technology,and effectively maintained and enhanced the influence of Russian language and culture in Kyrgyzstan.Although Kyrgyzstan tried to establish a new development direction through"de-Russification"and challenge the Russian cultural space with the help of external forces,the Russian complex and complicated benefit relationship have prevented it from getting rid of Russian culture and its status as an official language.