东江源流域不同空间尺度景观格局对水质影响分析

Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Water Quality in Dongjiang River Source Watershed

以东江源流域为研究区,基于水质监测和土地利用类型数据,综合运用景观指数法、相关性分析和冗余分析,研究了2017~2019年水质空间变化特征,揭示了东江源流域景观格局与水质的响应关系.结果表明:(1)东江源流域水质整体偏好,但寻乌水总氮污染仍旧严重,截至2019年,全部监测点总氮年均浓度都超过Ⅲ类水质标准限值.(2)景观水平上,水质与景观形状指数、斑块个数和香农多样性指数呈正相关,与最大斑块指数和聚集度指数呈负相关.类型水平上,建设用地是东江源流域总氮和总磷输出的主要来源;林地景观形状指数和斑块个数与氨氮呈正相关,林地斑块个数与总磷呈正相关,林地最大斑块指数和聚集度指数与总磷呈负相关;草地斑块个数与总磷呈正相关,草地聚集度指数与总磷呈负相关.(3)重视监测点2 000 m缓冲区范围内景观格局的优化,增强林草地连通性,合理配置城镇污水集中处理设施,强化废弃矿区治理,加强耕地集约化处理,在耕地集中分布区域增强其岸边防护林建设,有助于提高东江源流域水生态功能.

Based on water quality monitoring data and land use data, Dongjiang River source watershed water quality variation characteristics from 2017 to 2019 and the relationships between the landscape pattern of the Dongjiang River source watershed and water quality were analyzed using spatial analysis, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis. The results showed that:(1) the water quality of the Dongjiang River source watershed improved overall, but the total nitrogen pollution was still severe. As of 2019, the annual average concentration of total nitrogen in all sampling points exceeded the type Ⅲ water quality standard.(2) At the landscape level, water quality was positively correlated with landscape shape index, number of patches, and Shannon’s diversity index but negatively correlated with largest patch index and aggregation index. Considering the land use type, construction land was the primary source of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Landscape shape index and number of forest patches were positively correlated with NH-N. The number of forest patches was positively correlated with total phosphorus. However, the largest patch index and aggregation index of the forest were negatively correlated with total phosphorus. The number of patches of grassland was positively correlated with total phosphorus. The aggregation index of grassland was negatively correlated with total phosphorus.(3) It is suggested that management departments should focus on the optimization of the landscape pattern within the 2 000 m buffer zone of monitoring points. The reasonable allocation of urban sewage-centralized treatment facilities, strengthening management of abandoned mining areas, improvement of intensive treatment of cultivated land, and construction of shelterbelt in areas where cultivated land is concentrated are beneficial for the water quality of Dongjiang River source watershed.