环境规制异质性、溢出效应与我国产业结构升级

Heterogeneity and spillover effect of environmental regulations and industrial structure upgrading in China

明确环境规制与产业结构升级的作用关系对促进我国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。利用我国31省市2006—2017年面板数据,刻画异质性环境规制的总体情况与时空演变规律,基于空间邻接和地理距离权重矩阵,应用空间杜宾模型(SDM)估计环境规制总体强度以及行政命令型、市场型和公众参与型环境规制对产业结构升级的直接效应和溢出效应。结果发现:我国环境规制强度呈现逐年递增且自东向西递减的趋势;环境规制总体强度的提高对产业结构升级有积极的直接效应和空间溢出效应;行政命令型与公众参与型环境规制均能促进本地和邻近地区的产业结构升级,而市场型环境规制则会抑制本地产业结构升级,其溢出效应并不明显。故此,政府应探索多元化的环境规则组合方式,打破区域发展的行政壁垒,实现环境规制效用最大化。

According to studies,an inefficient industrial structure and an economic growth that harms the environment are the main causes of ecological decline.The Communist Party of China’s 19th National Congress promoted the development of an ecological conservation at the level of national policy.In order to fully implement the idea that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”and to realize“beautiful China”,it is necessary to encourage the modernization of the industrial structure along with a strict implementation of environmental regulations.As a result,fostering the high-quality development of China’s economy depends greatly on a good relationship between environmental regulations and industrial structure upgrading.In order to understand how environmental legislation affects the upgrading of industrial structures,this study first conducts an analysis of pertinent literature from both domestic and international sources.Secondly,this research analyzes the overall condition,time and geographical evolution of a diverse environmental legislation using ArcGIS software based on panel data collected from 31 Chinese provinces from 2006 and 2017.Based on spatial adjacency weight matrix and geographic distance weight matrix,we figure out direct and indirect effects of various environmental regulations on regional industrial structure upgrading through Spatial Durbin Model(SDM),including administrative regulations,market regulations,and public participation regulations.The findings demonstrate:1)From a temporal perspective,China’s level of environmental regulations has shown an upward trend since 2006;from a spatial perspective,it exhibits a steadily downward trend from east to west.2)The improvement of environmental regulations not only promotes local industrial upgrading,but also has a positive spatial spillover effect on the industrial structure optimization of neighboring regions.Among them,public participation has increased significantly and gradually become the dominant force.3)From the standpoint of the diversity of environmental regulations,both administrative regulations and public participation can support the modernization of the industrial structure in the local area.Additionally,environmental regulations have a large beneficial spillover effect on regional industrial upgrading in nearby areas.Regulations governing the market’s environmental impact may prevent local industries from upgrading,but it is unclear how this will affect nearby regions.As a result,China needs to emphasize the importance of environmental laws in advancing modernization of the industrial structure.Utilizing targeted and unique environmental regulation tools,investigating a variety of market tools,removing administrative roadblocks to regional development,and fully utilizing the market tools’leading position in the internalization of harmful externality of pollution are all examples of effective environmental regulations,which should be well implemented.