新中国初期港币问题:缘起、治理及市场统一

The Hong Kong Dollar Issue in the Early Days of New China: Origin,Governance and Market Unification

近代以来,受帝国主义侵略影响,港币长期操纵广东市场,由此产生了困扰广东长达百年的港币问题。港币问题实质上是旧中国主权羸弱下历史遗留的经济侵略问题。各时期的内地政府均曾试图颁布禁令以消除港币在广东之影响,但港币仍是禁而不止。又因国民党政权失败的货币金融政策,至解放前夕,广东的金融之紊乱、货币之繁杂已经达到几乎失控的程度。港币则利用长期建立的货币信用,趁机稳固了广东市场,这使得港币问题更为难解。货币的信用程度是检验一个政党能否稳固地领导政权的重要标准。在中国共产党的领导下,自新中国成立前后,从解放区到全省,广东展开一场特殊且艰难的港币斗争。为了从根源上治理港币问题,中国共产党有步骤、有计划地制定了港币使用、收兑和流入的政策,并经过排挤、禁用、人民币下乡3个斗争阶段,在斗争中逐步建立起人民币的信用,成功驱逐了港币。通过港币斗争,广东不仅成功治理了港币难题,实现了前所未有的禁而能止,还完成了人民币统一市场的重大任务。以斗争、治理的方式解决港币问题彰显中国共产党领导金融工作的高超执政能力。这种斗争思想、治理方式等对当今金融工作仍有重大意义。

Since modern times, under the influence of imperialist aggression, the Hong Kong dollar has long manipulated the Guangdong market, resulting in Hong Kong dollar problem that has plagued Guangdong for a century.The Hong Kong dollar issue is essentially an issue of economic aggression under the loss of weak sovereignty. Mainland governments of different periods tried to promulgate bans to eliminate the influence of the Hong Kong dollar in Guangdong. but the Hong Kong dollar are still hard to ban. Due to the failed monetary and financial policies of the Kuomintang regime, by the eve of the founding of New China the financial disorder and currency chaos were almost out of control.The Hong Kong dollar took advantage of its long-established credibility to stabilize the Guangdong market,which made the Hong Kong dollar a more difficult issue to resolve. The credit degree of currency is an important criterion to test whether a political party can firmly lead the political power. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Guangdong launched a special and difficult Hong Kong dollar struggle from the liberated areas to the whole province since the founding of New China. In order to tackle the Hong Kong dollar problem at its root,the CPC formulated policies of using, receiving and inflow of the Hong Kong dollar in a step-by-step and planned way, and gradually established the credibility of RMB and removed the Hong Kong dollar from the mainland through a campaign of three stages of exclusion and banning of the Hong Kong dollar, and “sending RMB to the countryside”. Through the Hong Kong dollar struggle, Guangdong not only resolved the difficult issue of the Hong Kong dollar and removed the Hong Kong dollar from the market for the first time, but also accomplished the major task of making RMB the unified currency in the market, and solved the Hong Kong dollar problem in a way of struggle and governance, demonstrating the superb ruling ability of the Communist Party of China to lead the financial work. Such fighting ideas and governance methods are still of significance to today’s financial work.