论行政法典对数字政府建设的回应

On the Administrative Code’s Response to the Construction of Digital Government

行政法典有必要对数字政府建设作出全面回应,以实现对数字时代行政权力的有效约束。数字政府建设强化了公共行政的共性基础,为行政法法典化进程提供了支撑,而法典化本身也将积极回应数字政府建设的整体性要求。行政法典应当主要规定基础规则而非具体制度细节,以应对数字政府建设加速创新的挑战。在内部体例上,由于数字政府建设贯穿公共行政各个领域,与其他编章有大量交叉,因此,难以独立成编。在外部关系上,行政法典需要处理好与《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》等领域法的竞合问题。具体内容上,行政法典应当对数字政府建设予以全面回应:总则编中,贯彻和发展现有原则并吸收新的原则;行政组织编中,重新界定行政主体,规范公私合作与公务员数字素养;公物编中,建立公共数据与政府数字基础设施系统性规范;行政活动(行政行为)编中,完善自动化行政行为规范;行政程序编中,完善数字化行政程序,保护相对人的选择权,建立监督纠正机制;行政救济编中,建立新技术证据的运用规则。

It is necessary for the administrative code to make a comprehensive response to the construction of digital government in order to effectively restrict the administrative power in the digital era.The construction of digital government strengthens the common foundation of public administration and provides support for the codification of administrative law.Codification itself will effectively respond to the requirements of the whole of the construction of digital government.As far as the construction of digital government is concerned,the administrative code should mainly stipulate basic rules rather than detailed rules to meet the challenge of its rapid innovation.In terms of the internal code structure,since the construction of digital government runs through all areas of public administration and overlaps with many other chapters,it is difficult to be an independent section.In terms of the external relations,the administrative code needs to deal with the relationship with the Personal Information Protection Law and other laws.In terms of the specific content,the administrative code should give a comprehensive response to the construction of digital government:in the general provisions,existing principles should be implemented and developed,the new principle should be absorbed;in the section of administrative organizations,the administrative subject should be redefined,and public-private cooperation and civil servants’digital literacy should be regulated;in the section of public property,rules for public data and government digital infrastructure should be established systematically;in the section of administrative activities,rules of automated administrative acts should be improved;in the section of administrative procedures,the digital administrative procedures should be improved,the option of administrative counterparts should be protected,and a supervision and correction mechanism should be established;in the section of administrative remedy,the application rule of new technical evidence should be established.