HIV感染者贫血的发病机制和临床管理策略

Pathogenesis and clinical management strategies of anemia in HIV-infected patients

贫血作为HIV感染常见的并发症之一,被认为是影响HIV感染者预后的重要指标。研究表明,HIV感染者患贫血将会增加死亡风险、影响CD4细胞恢复和降低病毒学应答。了解HIV感染者贫血的主要种类,识别贫血发生的危险因素,掌握诊疗原则,有助于有效预防和治疗贫血,也是提高HIV感染者生存质量和降低死亡的关键。在HIV感染者中,应定期筛查贫血,做到早诊断和早治疗,才能改善预后。本文从HIV感染者贫血的种类、诊断、发病机制、预后的影响以及临床管理策略等方面进行综述,为HIV感染者贫血的诊疗工作提供借鉴。

As one of the common complications of HIV infection, anemia is considered to be an important indicator of the prognosis of people living with HIV(PLWH). Studies have shown that anemia increases the risk of death, impacts CD4 cell recovery and reduces virological response among PLWH. Understanding the main types of anemia, identifying the risk factors of anemia, and mastering the principles of diagnosis and treatment are helpful to effectively prevent and treat anemia. It is also the key to improve the quality of life and reduce death among PLWH. Among PLWH, anemia should be screened regularly to achieve early diagnosis and treatment in order to improve prognosis. This article reviews the types, diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis and clinical management strategies of anemia among PLWH, providing reference for better diagnosis and treatment of anemia among PLWH.