相变材料微胶囊的制备与表征分析方法综述

Review of the preparation and characterization of microencapsulated phase change materials

为开发高性能相变材料微胶囊,实现其在热能储存领域的独特优势。本文综述了目前相变材料微胶囊的制备与性能测试方法,对比分析常用的化学法、物理法和物理化学法等。结果表明:界面聚合法具有包封率高的优点,但要求芯材有一定的耐酸碱性,且不能与单体发生反应;溶剂蒸发法适用于非水溶性聚合物对活性物质的包囊;喷雾干燥法适用于热敏性、疏水性和亲水性以及与水反应的材料,该方法处理量大,适合工业化生产;复凝聚法适用于对非水溶性芯材的包囊,生产效率高。总体而言,封装后的相变材料微胶囊的热稳定性、化学稳定性以及力学强度会受到其颗粒形貌的影响。通过对微胶囊的表征方法进行分析,发现有许多标准测试方法具有较高的可靠性,但在力学性能评估领域仍需要标准化的测试方法。

Microencapsulated phase change material(MEPCM)shows many unique advantages for thermal energy storage.In order to develop high⁃quality MEPCM,this paper reviewed the preparation and characterization methods of MEPCM.Then,various MEPCM fabrication technologies,such as chemical methods,physical methods and physical⁃chemical methods,were analyzed and compared.The comparison results proved that the interfacial polymerization method showed a high encapsulation rate,but the core material must not react with the shell monomer and could be resistant to acid and alkali.The solvent evaporation method was suitable for microencapsulation of sensitive core materials within the non⁃water⁃soluble polymers shell.The spray drying method was suitable for encapsulation of heat⁃sensitive,hydrophobic,hydrophilic and water⁃reactive materials,and this method could be used in industrial encapsulation due to its large production capacity.The complex agglomeration method was suitable for water⁃insoluble core materials and showed high encapsulation efficiency.Overall,the review results identified that thermal and chemical stability and the mechanical strength of MEPCM were strongly influenced by the morphology of capsules.There are many standard instruments and methods for evaluating the properties of MEPCM capsules.However,the mechanical property of MEPCM still needs to develop a standard testing method.