重庆市乡村社会生态系统恢复力测度与提升路径研究

Study on the Measurement and Improvement Path of Resilience of Rural Social Ecosystems in Chongqing

乡村社会生态系统恢复力反映乡村受到内外力干扰作用下保持系统稳定或恢复到原来状态的能力,从恢复力视角研究乡村,对全面推进乡村振兴,促进乡村可持续发展具有重要意义.以典型西南丘陵地区重庆市为例,从经济、社会、生态3个维度构建评价体系,运用改良的CRITIC模型、障碍度模型等方法对乡村社会生态系统恢复力水平及系统障碍度进行测度并对乡村类型进行识别,针对性提出各类乡村的发展路径.研究结果表明:①重庆市乡村社会生态系统恢复力整体处于中等水平,在空间格局上,均呈现“西高东低,由中心城区向周边递减”的分布特征;②重庆市县域乡村不同子系统恢复力障碍度存在差异性,障碍度从大到小依次为:生态系统障碍度、社会系统障碍度、经济系统障碍度;③根据乡村社会生态系统恢复力因子障碍度与系统障碍度,重庆市县域乡村可划分为经济主导障碍型、社会主导障碍型、生态主导障碍型、社会生态双重障碍型、经济生态双重障碍型、经济社会双重障碍型6类,结合各类型乡村的自然资源本底、经济发展基础、设施服务水平等多方面情况,针对性提出恢复力提升路径.

The resilience of rural ecosystem reflects the ability of rural areas to maintain system stability or restore to their original state under the influence of internal and external forces.Studying rural areas from the perspective of resilience is of great significance to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and sustainable rural development.Taking Chongqing Municipality,a typical hilly area in southwest China as an example,an evaluation system is constructed from three dimensions:economy,society and ecology.The improved CRITIC model and obstacle model are used to measure the resilience level and system obstacle degree of rural social ecosystems and identify rural types.The development path of various rural areas is proposed.The results show that:①The resilience of rural social ecosystems in Chongqing is generally at a medium level.In terms of spatial pattern,it shows the distribution characteristics of“high in the west and low in the east,decreasing from the central urban area to the surrounding area”.②There are differences in the degree of resilience obstacles of different subsystems in the counties and villages of Chongqing,reducing as:ecosystem obstacles,social system obstacles,economic system obstacles.③According to the degree of resilience factor obstacles and system obstacles of rural social ecosystems,the counties and villages of Chongqing can be divided into six categories:economic-dominant obstacles,social-dominated obstacles,ecological-dominant obstacles,social-ecological double-obstacles,economic-ecological double-obstacles,and economic and social double-obstacles.Combined with the natural resource background,economic development foundation,facility service level and other aspects of each type of rural area,a targeted path for improving resilience is put forward.