云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁物种分布格局

Distribution Pattern of Ant Species in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve and Adjacent Area in Yunnan Province

【目的】揭示云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁分布规律。【方法】采用样地调查法对该区域蚂蚁物种分布格局进行研究。【结果】该区域发现蚂蚁10亚科50属130种,其中大部分物种水平分布狭窄,有98种仅出现在1~2个水平区域内,占物种总数的75.4%;垂直分布较窄和狭窄物种较多,达111种,占物种总数的85.4%;7类栖息生境中,以山地雨林的蚂蚁物种最丰富(74种),其次为沟谷雨林(60种),苔藓常绿阔叶林最少(1种);以土壤内觅食的蚂蚁最多(82种),其次为地表觅食(77种);以土壤内筑巢种类最多(46种),其次为地表筑巢(16种)。丰富、复杂的生态环境可提供更多的生态位,是该区域形成现有分布格局的主要原因。【结论】云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁物种丰富,但多数种类分布和生态适应幅度狭窄,建议加强本地特有狭域物种保护。

[Purpose]To reveal the distribution feature of ants in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve and adjacent area in Yunnan Province.[Method]The distribution pattern of ant species in the area was surveyed using plot sampling method.[Results]Totally 130 species belonging to 50 genera and 10 subfamilies of Formicidae were recognized in the area,most of which had narrower horizontal distribution.Up to 98 species only appeared in one or two horizontal zones,accounting for 75.4%of the total species.Up to 111 species accounting for 85.4%of the total species had relative narrow or nar-row range in vertical distribution.Among the seven habitats,mountain rain forest had the richest ant species(74 species),succeeded by valley rain forest(60 species),and moss evergreen broadleaf forest had the poorest ant species(only one species).Majority of ant species forage in soil(82 species),and followed by forager on the ground(77 species).Most ant species nest in soil(46 species),and suc-ceeded by ant species nest on the ground(16 species).The rich and complex ecological environment was conducive to provide more niches,which was the main reason for the formation of the ants exist-ing distribution pattern in this area.[Conclusion]Yunnan Tongbiguan Nature Reserve and adja-cent area is rich in ant species,but most species have narrower distribution and ecological adaptation range.It is suggested to strengthen the protection of local endemic narrower range species.