以“有序性”实现法学认识论新突破

Realizing a Breakthrough in Legal Epistemology through Sequentiality

现代法学执着于以规范性为中心的结构化的认识论,主张把生活世界的事实从规范分析的框架之中剔除出去;待规范分析之后,再通过涵摄等方法重建规范与事实的联系。这样一种诉诸纯粹形式的认识论结构正在遭遇前所未有的危机。立足于生活世界的法社会学与其他社会科学法学看到这一危机,但是由于缺乏对规范性的重视,它们难以在批判之外提出更多有益的见解。然而,前现代的法学并未对规范性和生活世界做出严格区分,而是站在相对含混的有序性的立场之上,将实际问题诉诸历史情境并从中寻找解决方案。这是一条更加符合自然思维的路径,而非人工思维的产物,古典罗马法、传统中国法,以及源于前现代的英美法思维均可以被理解为一种内嵌于历史情境之中的规范性表达。不仅如此,未来法学在认识论层面也呈现出类似的非结构化的特征。基于有序性的认识论批判为规范性与生活世界之间的紧张关系提供了调和的可能性,也为危机之中的现代法学提供了一条反思的路径。

Premodern jurisprudence had yet to make a strict distinction between normativity and the life world.Instead,it sought solutions to real-world issues by resorting to the historical context from a standpoint of relatively vague sequentiality.This approach is more in line with natural thought than with artificial thought.Classical Roman law,traditional Chinese law,and early modern Anglo-American legal thinking,with its roots in the premodern era,can be understood as normative expressions embedded in historical situations.Moreover,future jurisprudence shows similar unstructured characteristics at the epistemological level.Sequentiality-based epistemological critiques present the possibility of reconciling the tension between normativity and the life world,providing modern jurisprudence with a reflective approach amidst crises.