略论宋代的医药储藏与安全监管措施

Medicine Reserve and Safety Administration Measures in Song Dynasty

宋朝政府建立了较为完善的医药储藏机构和安全监管措施。其中中央医药行政管理机构主要为翰林医官院(局)和太府寺药案,这是朝廷建立的最高医疗行政管理机构和医药管理机构。皇宫御药的制造与储藏机构有翰林医官院、御药院、尚药局,官府药库有香药库、珠玉香药库、药蜜库、后苑东门药库、寄桩库、熟药库等,专门储藏皇帝和朝廷所需的各种名贵药材和成药等。朝廷设立的市易务卖药所、收买药材所、太医局熟药所、和剂局和惠民局等,主要负责官府药局中药材的采购和成药的生产与销售等,同时也肩负药材、成药的储藏。宋朝地方州府和南宋时期设立的总领所、都统司、安抚司惠民局,一方面负责地方州府军监、所、司所需药物的生产与销售,另一方面也是地方医药的保管场所。泉州、明州、广州、登州等地设立的市舶司,负责海外药材的登记、辨验、保管与押运进京等。为了保证药物质量安全,宋朝政府对医药储藏制定了保管、库存、登记、毁弃等制度,严格执行药物入库和出库检查,严厉打击盗窃、伪造、冒用和盗卖官府药物的非法行径。

The government of Song Dynasty established relatively complete medical reserve institutions and drug safety supervision measures.The Hanlin Yiguan Yuan and Taifu Si Yaoan were the highest medical administrative and medical management institutions during the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty.The manufacturing and reserve institutions of the imperial medicines consisted of the Hanlin YiguanYuan,Yuyao Yuan and Shangyao Ju.The official medicine storehouses,which included Xiangyao Ku,Zhuyu Xiangyao Ku,Yaomi Ku,Houyuan Dongmen Yaoku,Jizhuang Ku and others,reserved various precious medicinal materials and Chinese patent drugs required by the emperor and the court.The official medicinal institutions,which consisted of Shiyi Wu Maiyao Suo,Shoumai Yocai Suo,Taiyiju Shuyao Suo,Heji Ju and Huimin Ju,were responsible for the procurement of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the production,reserve and sales of Chinese patent drugs.The local governments in Song Dynasty and Huimin Ju of Zongling Suo,Dutong Si and Anfu Si in Southern Song were not only in charge of the production and sales of local medicines,but also managed medicine reserve.The department of Shi Bo Si in Quanzhou,Mingzhou,Guangzhou,Dengzhou and others,were in charge of the registration,identification,reserve of overseas medicinal materials and transporting to the capital.In order to ensure the quality and safety of medicines,the Song Dynasty government not only formulated systems for storage,inventory,registration,and destruction of medicines,but also strictly carried out the inspection of drugs in and out of the warehouse,and severely cracked down on the illegal acts of theft,forgery,counterfeiting and stealing and selling government drugs.