双寡头即期市场班轮运输分时段动态定价

Time-Phased Dynamic Pricing for Liner Shipping in Duopoly Spot Market

针对双寡头即期市场下的集装箱班轮运输动态定价问题,通过分析竞争和时间因素影响下的即期市场班轮运输需求与运价间函数关系,以船公司收益最大化为目标,构建了双寡头即期市场集装箱班轮运输分时段动态定价博弈模型,运用广义拉格朗日乘子和库恩-塔克条件将博弈模型转换成线性互补问题,并利用GAMS商用软件求解。多组不同规模的算例实验显示,分时段动态定价可以显著地提高两家船公司即期市场班轮运输收益。敏感性分析结果表明,随着客户运价敏感度的增大,船公司在各OD对各时段即期市场定价会随之降低,且随着订舱截止期的临近,定价大都会越来越高,船公司班轮运输收益与市场竞争强度和客户运价敏感度均呈负相关关系。研究结论可为船公司班轮运输定价决策提供有益的参考。

Addressing the problem of dynamic pricing for container liner shipping in duopoly market,the functional relationship between demand for liner shipping and freight rate in spot market was analysed under the influence of competition and time factors.A time-phased dynamic pricing game model for container liner shipping in duopoly spot market was established,where the revenues of liner shipping companies were maximized.The generalized Lagrange multiplier and Kuhn-Tucker condition were employed to transform the game model into a linear complementarity problem,which was solved the GAMS commercial software.The experiments of multi-group numerical examples with different sizes show that the revenues of the two liner shipping companies in spot market increase significantly with the time-phased dynamic pricing.The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that the liner shipping company will reduce the freight rate of spot market in each OD pair at each time period along with the increase of customer freight rate sensitivity.And the freight rate is getting higher and higher as the booking deadline is approaching.The revenue of shipping company’s liner shipping is correlated negatively with market competition intensity and customer price sensitivity.The research conclusions can provide beneficial references for shipping company on liner transportation pricing decision.